diff --git a/examples/hello-world.ts b/examples/hello-world.ts
index 25559bf..590b963 100644
--- a/examples/hello-world.ts
+++ b/examples/hello-world.ts
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ const greeter: RoleDefinition<Roles["greeter"]> = {
   systemPrompt: "You greet the user briefly.",
   extractPrompt: "Extract the greeting string produced for the user.",
   schema: greeterMetaSchema,
+  extractRefs: null,
 };
 
 const extract = createExtract({
diff --git a/packages/workflow-role-coder/src/coder.ts b/packages/workflow-role-coder/src/coder.ts
index 2bd33d1..b5f6bac 100644
--- a/packages/workflow-role-coder/src/coder.ts
+++ b/packages/workflow-role-coder/src/coder.ts
@@ -38,4 +38,5 @@ export const coderRole: RoleDefinition<CoderMeta> = {
   extractPrompt:
     "Extract completedPhase: the planner phase hash finished this round (exact hash string from the plan). If multiple phases were finished in one round, use the last finished phase hash. Extract filesChanged and a summary of the work.",
   schema: coderMetaSchema,
+  extractRefs: (meta) => [meta.completedPhase],
 };
diff --git a/packages/workflow-role-committer/src/committer.ts b/packages/workflow-role-committer/src/committer.ts
index b61c8dd..c1d5562 100644
--- a/packages/workflow-role-committer/src/committer.ts
+++ b/packages/workflow-role-committer/src/committer.ts
@@ -31,4 +31,5 @@ export const committerRole: RoleDefinition<CommitterMeta> = {
   extractPrompt:
     "Extract the commit result: committed (with branch and SHA), recoverable failure, or unrecoverable failure. Include error details and log references if applicable.",
   schema: committerMetaSchema,
+  extractRefs: null,
 };
diff --git a/packages/workflow-role-planner/src/planner.ts b/packages/workflow-role-planner/src/planner.ts
index 49242d0..eb5101b 100644
--- a/packages/workflow-role-planner/src/planner.ts
+++ b/packages/workflow-role-planner/src/planner.ts
@@ -49,4 +49,5 @@ export const plannerRole: RoleDefinition<PlannerMeta> = {
   extractPrompt:
     "Extract the implementation phases from the agent's output. Each phase has a hash (the CAS content-hash returned by the cas put command) and a title (one-line summary).",
   schema: plannerMetaSchema,
+  extractRefs: (meta) => meta.phases.map((p) => p.hash),
 };
diff --git a/packages/workflow-role-preparer/src/preparer.ts b/packages/workflow-role-preparer/src/preparer.ts
index 029160c..d79f45e 100644
--- a/packages/workflow-role-preparer/src/preparer.ts
+++ b/packages/workflow-role-preparer/src/preparer.ts
@@ -47,4 +47,5 @@ export const preparerRole: RoleDefinition<PreparerMeta> = {
   extractPrompt:
     "Extract repoPath (absolute path), defaultBranch, conventions (summary string or null), and toolchain (packageManager, testCommand, lintCommand, buildCommand — each string or null).",
   schema: preparerMetaSchema,
+  extractRefs: null,
 };
diff --git a/packages/workflow-role-reviewer/src/reviewer.ts b/packages/workflow-role-reviewer/src/reviewer.ts
index 00d8c2d..695d771 100644
--- a/packages/workflow-role-reviewer/src/reviewer.ts
+++ b/packages/workflow-role-reviewer/src/reviewer.ts
@@ -21,4 +21,5 @@ export const reviewerRole: RoleDefinition<ReviewerMeta> = {
   extractPrompt:
     "Extract the review verdict: approved or rejected. If rejected, list the blocking issues.",
   schema: reviewerMetaSchema,
+  extractRefs: null,
 };
diff --git a/packages/workflow-template-solve-issue/__tests__/solve-issue-template.test.ts b/packages/workflow-template-solve-issue/__tests__/solve-issue-template.test.ts
index 27ddbfc..143942f 100644
--- a/packages/workflow-template-solve-issue/__tests__/solve-issue-template.test.ts
+++ b/packages/workflow-template-solve-issue/__tests__/solve-issue-template.test.ts
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ function preparerStep(): RoleStep<SolveIssueMeta> {
         buildCommand: "bun run build",
       },
     },
+    refs: [],
     timestamp: 0,
   };
 }
@@ -133,6 +134,7 @@ function plannerStep(phases: PlannerMeta["phases"] = DEFAULT_PHASES): RoleStep<S
     role: "planner",
     content: "plan",
     meta: { phases },
+    refs: phases.map((p) => p.hash),
     timestamp: 1,
   };
 }
@@ -142,6 +144,7 @@ function coderStep(completedPhase = "4KNMR2PX"): RoleStep<SolveIssueMeta> {
     role: "coder",
     content: "code",
     meta: { completedPhase, filesChanged: ["a.ts"], summary: "fixed" },
+    refs: [completedPhase],
     timestamp: 2,
   };
 }
@@ -153,6 +156,7 @@ function reviewerStep(approved: boolean): RoleStep<SolveIssueMeta> {
     meta: approved
       ? { status: "approved" as const }
       : { status: "rejected" as const, issues: ["needs fix"] },
+    refs: [],
     timestamp: 3,
   };
 }
@@ -162,6 +166,7 @@ function committerStep(): RoleStep<SolveIssueMeta> {
     role: "committer",
     content: "commit",
     meta: { status: "committed", branch: "feat/issue-1", commitSha: "abc1234" },
+    refs: [],
     timestamp: 4,
   };
 }
diff --git a/packages/workflow-util-agent/__tests__/build-agent-prompt.test.ts b/packages/workflow-util-agent/__tests__/build-agent-prompt.test.ts
index 94c087d..af469fd 100644
--- a/packages/workflow-util-agent/__tests__/build-agent-prompt.test.ts
+++ b/packages/workflow-util-agent/__tests__/build-agent-prompt.test.ts
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ describe("buildAgentPrompt", () => {
           role: "coder",
           content: "only step full body",
           meta: { files: ["a.ts"] },
+          refs: [],
           timestamp: 2,
         },
       ],
@@ -61,12 +62,14 @@ describe("buildAgentPrompt", () => {
           role: "planner",
           content: "PLANNER_SECRET_FULL_TEXT",
           meta: { plan: "short" },
+          refs: [],
           timestamp: 2,
         },
         {
           role: "coder",
           content: "last step full content",
           meta: { done: true },
+          refs: [],
           timestamp: 3,
         },
       ],
@@ -94,18 +97,21 @@ describe("buildAgentPrompt", () => {
           role: "a",
           content: "HIDDEN_A",
           meta: { n: 1 },
+          refs: [],
           timestamp: 2,
         },
         {
           role: "b",
           content: "HIDDEN_B_MIDDLE",
           meta: { n: 2 },
+          refs: [],
           timestamp: 3,
         },
         {
           role: "c",
           content: "VISIBLE_LAST",
           meta: { n: 3 },
+          refs: [],
           timestamp: 4,
         },
       ],
diff --git a/packages/workflow/__tests__/build-descriptor.test.ts b/packages/workflow/__tests__/build-descriptor.test.ts
index 5523aa2..40b6244 100644
--- a/packages/workflow/__tests__/build-descriptor.test.ts
+++ b/packages/workflow/__tests__/build-descriptor.test.ts
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ describe("buildDescriptor", () => {
           systemPrompt: "You are an analyst.",
           extractPrompt: "Extract title and count from the analysis.",
           schema,
+          extractRefs: null,
         },
       },
       moderator: () => END,
diff --git a/packages/workflow/__tests__/engine.test.ts b/packages/workflow/__tests__/engine.test.ts
index cf718da..0072696 100644
--- a/packages/workflow/__tests__/engine.test.ts
+++ b/packages/workflow/__tests__/engine.test.ts
@@ -89,12 +89,14 @@ const demoWorkflow = createWorkflow<DemoMeta>(
         systemPrompt: "You are a planner.",
         extractPrompt: "Extract plan text and affected files list.",
         schema: plannerMetaSchema,
+        extractRefs: null,
       },
       coder: {
         description: "Demo coder",
         systemPrompt: "You are a coder.",
         extractPrompt: "Extract the code diff summary.",
         schema: coderMetaSchema,
+        extractRefs: null,
       },
     },
     moderator: (ctx) => {
@@ -182,10 +184,12 @@ describe("executeThread", () => {
       expect(role1.role).toBe("planner");
       expect(role1.content).toBe("plan-body");
       expect(role1.meta).toEqual({ plan: "do-it", files: ["a.ts"] });
+      expect(role1.refs).toEqual([]);
       expect(typeof role1.timestamp).toBe("number");
 
       const role2 = JSON.parse(lines[2] ?? "{}") as Record<string, unknown>;
       expect(role2.role).toBe("coder");
+      expect(role2.refs).toEqual([]);
 
       const infoText = await readFile(infoPath, "utf8");
       const infoLines = infoText
@@ -228,6 +232,7 @@ describe("executeThread", () => {
               role: "planner",
               content: "plan-body",
               meta: { plan: "do-it", files: ["a.ts"] },
+              refs: ["CAS111AAAAAAA"],
             },
           ],
         },
@@ -241,6 +246,7 @@ describe("executeThread", () => {
               role: "planner",
               content: "plan-body",
               meta: { plan: "do-it", files: ["a.ts"] },
+              refs: ["CAS111AAAAAAA"],
               timestamp: histTs,
             },
           ],
@@ -264,6 +270,7 @@ describe("executeThread", () => {
       const role0 = JSON.parse(lines[1] ?? "{}") as Record<string, unknown>;
       expect(role0.role).toBe("planner");
       expect(role0.timestamp).toBe(histTs);
+      expect(role0.refs).toEqual(["CAS111AAAAAAA"]);
 
       const role1 = JSON.parse(lines[2] ?? "{}") as Record<string, unknown>;
       expect(role1.role).toBe("coder");
diff --git a/packages/workflow/__tests__/refs-tracking.test.ts b/packages/workflow/__tests__/refs-tracking.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..585ae9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/workflow/__tests__/refs-tracking.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
+import { mkdir, mkdtemp, readFile, rm } from "node:fs/promises";
+import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
+import { join } from "node:path";
+import * as z from "zod/v4";
+
+import { createWorkflow } from "../src/create-workflow.js";
+import { executeThread } from "../src/engine.js";
+import { createExtract } from "../src/extract-fn.js";
+import { buildForkPlan, parseThreadDataJsonl } from "../src/fork-thread.js";
+import { createLogger } from "../src/logger.js";
+import { END } from "../src/types.js";
+
+const phaseSchema = z.object({
+  hash: z.string(),
+  title: z.string(),
+});
+
+const plannerMetaSchema = z.object({
+  phases: z.array(phaseSchema),
+});
+
+type RefsDemoMeta = {
+  planner: z.infer<typeof plannerMetaSchema>;
+};
+
+function installMockChatCompletions(sequence: ReadonlyArray<Record<string, unknown>>): () => void {
+  const origFetch = globalThis.fetch;
+  let i = 0;
+  const mockFetch = async (
+    input: Parameters<typeof fetch>[0],
+    init?: RequestInit,
+  ): Promise<Response> => {
+    const args = sequence[i] ?? sequence[sequence.length - 1];
+    if (args === undefined) {
+      throw new Error("installMockChatCompletions: empty sequence");
+    }
+    i += 1;
+    void input;
+    const body = init?.body ? (JSON.parse(String(init.body)) as Record<string, unknown>) : {};
+    const tools = body.tools;
+    const firstTool =
+      Array.isArray(tools) && tools.length > 0 && tools[0] !== null && typeof tools[0] === "object"
+        ? (tools[0] as Record<string, unknown>)
+        : null;
+    const fn =
+      firstTool !== null ? (firstTool.function as Record<string, unknown> | undefined) : undefined;
+    const toolName = typeof fn?.name === "string" ? fn.name : "extract";
+    return new Response(
+      JSON.stringify({
+        choices: [
+          {
+            message: {
+              tool_calls: [
+                {
+                  type: "function",
+                  function: {
+                    name: toolName,
+                    arguments: JSON.stringify(args),
+                  },
+                },
+              ],
+            },
+          },
+        ],
+      }),
+      { status: 200, headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" } },
+    );
+  };
+  globalThis.fetch = Object.assign(mockFetch, {
+    preconnect: origFetch.preconnect.bind(origFetch),
+  }) as typeof fetch;
+  return () => {
+    globalThis.fetch = origFetch;
+  };
+}
+
+const refsDemoExtract = createExtract({
+  baseUrl: "http://127.0.0.1:9",
+  apiKey: "test",
+  model: "test",
+});
+
+const refsDemoWorkflow = createWorkflow<RefsDemoMeta>(
+  {
+    roles: {
+      planner: {
+        description: "Planner with phase hashes",
+        systemPrompt: "Plan.",
+        extractPrompt: "Extract phases with CAS hashes.",
+        schema: plannerMetaSchema,
+        extractRefs: (meta) => meta.phases.map((p) => p.hash),
+      },
+    },
+    moderator: (ctx) => (ctx.steps.length === 0 ? "planner" : END),
+  },
+  {
+    agent: async () => "plan-output",
+  },
+  refsDemoExtract,
+);
+
+describe("RoleStep refs tracking", () => {
+  let restoreFetch: (() => void) | null = null;
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    restoreFetch?.();
+    restoreFetch = null;
+  });
+
+  test("parseThreadDataJsonl reads refs and defaults missing refs to []", () => {
+    const text = `{"name":"demo","hash":"C9NMV6V2TQT81","threadId":"01AAA1111111111111111111","parameters":{"prompt":"hi","options":{"maxRounds":5}},"timestamp":100}
+{"role":"planner","content":"p","meta":{},"refs":["H111AAAAAAAAA","H222AAAAAAAAA"],"timestamp":101}
+{"role":"coder","content":"c","meta":{},"timestamp":102}
+`;
+    const r = parseThreadDataJsonl(text);
+    expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+    if (!r.ok) {
+      return;
+    }
+    expect(r.value.roleSteps[0]?.refs).toEqual(["H111AAAAAAAAA", "H222AAAAAAAAA"]);
+    expect(r.value.roleSteps[1]?.refs).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  test("executeThread persists refs from extractRefs on role yields", async () => {
+    restoreFetch = installMockChatCompletions([
+      {
+        phases: [
+          { hash: "C9NMV6V2TQT81", title: "phase-a" },
+          { hash: "C9NMV6V2TQT82", title: "phase-b" },
+        ],
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    const root = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), "wf-refs-"));
+    try {
+      const threadId = "01KQXKW18CT8G75T53R8F4G7YG";
+      const hash = "C9NMV6V2TQT81";
+      const dataPath = join(root, "logs", hash, `${threadId}.data.jsonl`);
+      const infoPath = join(root, "logs", hash, `${threadId}.info.jsonl`);
+      await mkdir(join(root, "logs", hash), { recursive: true });
+
+      const logger = createLogger({ sink: { kind: "file", path: infoPath } });
+      const ac = new AbortController();
+
+      const result = await executeThread(
+        refsDemoWorkflow,
+        "refs-demo",
+        { prompt: "task", steps: [] },
+        {
+          maxRounds: 5,
+          signal: ac.signal,
+          awaitAfterEachYield: async () => {},
+          forkSourceThreadId: null,
+          prefilledDiskSteps: null,
+        },
+        { threadId, hash, dataJsonlPath: dataPath, infoJsonlPath: infoPath },
+        logger,
+      );
+
+      expect(result.returnCode).toBe(0);
+
+      const dataText = await readFile(dataPath, "utf8");
+      const lines = dataText
+        .trim()
+        .split("\n")
+        .filter((l) => l !== "");
+      expect(lines.length).toBe(2);
+
+      const role1 = JSON.parse(lines[1] ?? "{}") as Record<string, unknown>;
+      expect(role1.role).toBe("planner");
+      expect(role1.refs).toEqual(["C9NMV6V2TQT81", "C9NMV6V2TQT82"]);
+    } finally {
+      await rm(root, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("buildForkPlan carries refs on historical steps", () => {
+    const text = `{"name":"demo","hash":"C9NMV6V2TQT81","threadId":"01AAA1111111111111111111","parameters":{"prompt":"hi","options":{"maxRounds":5}},"timestamp":100}
+{"role":"planner","content":"p","meta":{},"refs":["KEEPREFAAAAAA"],"timestamp":101}
+{"role":"coder","content":"c","meta":{},"refs":["CODERHASHAAAA"],"timestamp":102}
+`;
+    const plan = buildForkPlan(text, null);
+    expect(plan.ok).toBe(true);
+    if (!plan.ok) {
+      return;
+    }
+    expect(plan.value.historicalSteps.length).toBe(1);
+    expect(plan.value.historicalSteps[0]?.refs).toEqual(["KEEPREFAAAAAA"]);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/workflow/__tests__/thread-jsonl-format.test.ts b/packages/workflow/__tests__/thread-jsonl-format.test.ts
index 25f8851..a8d0a32 100644
--- a/packages/workflow/__tests__/thread-jsonl-format.test.ts
+++ b/packages/workflow/__tests__/thread-jsonl-format.test.ts
@@ -19,13 +19,16 @@ describe("RFC-001 thread JSONL shapes", () => {
       role: "planner",
       content: "Plan: modify auth middleware...",
       meta: { plan: "...", files: ["src/auth.ts"] },
+      refs: [] as string[],
       timestamp: 1714963201000,
     };
 
     expect(Object.keys(startRecord).sort()).toEqual(
       ["hash", "name", "parameters", "threadId", "timestamp"].sort(),
     );
-    expect(Object.keys(roleRecord).sort()).toEqual(["content", "meta", "role", "timestamp"].sort());
+    expect(Object.keys(roleRecord).sort()).toEqual(
+      ["content", "meta", "refs", "role", "timestamp"].sort(),
+    );
   });
 
   test("documents the `.info.jsonl` debug record keys", () => {
diff --git a/packages/workflow/src/create-workflow.ts b/packages/workflow/src/create-workflow.ts
index e9b6062..954448d 100644
--- a/packages/workflow/src/create-workflow.ts
+++ b/packages/workflow/src/create-workflow.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   END,
   type ExtractContext,
   type ModeratorContext,
+  type RoleDefinition,
   type RoleMeta,
   type RoleOutput,
   type RoleStep,
@@ -22,6 +23,17 @@ function isRoleNext<M extends RoleMeta>(
   return next !== END;
 }
 
+function resolveExtractedRefs(
+  roleDef: RoleDefinition<Record<string, unknown>>,
+  meta: unknown,
+): string[] {
+  const extractRefsFn = roleDef.extractRefs;
+  if (extractRefsFn === null || typeof extractRefsFn !== "function") {
+    return [];
+  }
+  return extractRefsFn(meta as Record<string, unknown>);
+}
+
 /**
  * Binds pure role definitions + moderator to runtime agents and structured extraction.
  * Assign with `export const run = createWorkflow(def, binding, extract)`.
@@ -48,6 +60,7 @@ export function createWorkflow<M extends RoleMeta>(
       role: out.role,
       content: out.content,
       meta: out.meta,
+      refs: out.refs,
       timestamp: baseTs + i,
     })) as RoleStep<M>[];
 
@@ -96,15 +109,21 @@ export function createWorkflow<M extends RoleMeta>(
         extractCtx as unknown as ExtractContext,
       );
 
+      const refs = resolveExtractedRefs(
+        roleDef as unknown as RoleDefinition<Record<string, unknown>>,
+        meta,
+      );
+
       const ts = Date.now();
       const step = {
         role: next,
         content: raw,
         meta,
+        refs,
         timestamp: ts,
       } as RoleStep<M>;
 
-      yield { role: step.role, content: step.content, meta: step.meta };
+      yield { role: step.role, content: step.content, meta: step.meta, refs: step.refs };
 
       steps = [...steps, step];
     }
diff --git a/packages/workflow/src/engine.ts b/packages/workflow/src/engine.ts
index 626e18b..5fc45c0 100644
--- a/packages/workflow/src/engine.ts
+++ b/packages/workflow/src/engine.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { appendFile, mkdir } from "node:fs/promises";
 import { dirname } from "node:path";
 
 import type { LogFn } from "./logger.js";
+import { normalizeRefsField } from "./refs-field.js";
 import type { ThreadInput, WorkflowFn, WorkflowFnOptions, WorkflowResult } from "./types.js";
 
 export type ExecuteThreadIo = {
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ export type PrefilledDiskStep = {
   role: string;
   content: string;
   meta: Record<string, unknown>;
+  refs: string[];
   timestamp: number;
 };
 
@@ -79,6 +81,7 @@ async function driveWorkflowGenerator(params: {
       role: step.role,
       content: step.content,
       meta: step.meta,
+      refs: normalizeRefsField(step.refs),
       timestamp: ts,
     });
 
@@ -151,6 +154,7 @@ export async function executeThread(
         role: row.role,
         content: row.content,
         meta: row.meta,
+        refs: normalizeRefsField(row.refs),
         timestamp: row.timestamp,
       });
     }
diff --git a/packages/workflow/src/fork-thread.ts b/packages/workflow/src/fork-thread.ts
index d2d67f4..e3a43dd 100644
--- a/packages/workflow/src/fork-thread.ts
+++ b/packages/workflow/src/fork-thread.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { normalizeRefsField } from "./refs-field.js";
 import { err, ok, type Result } from "./result.js";
 import type { RoleOutput } from "./types.js";
 
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ function parseRoleLine(
     role,
     content,
     meta: meta as Record<string, unknown>,
+    refs: normalizeRefsField(obj.refs),
     timestamp,
   });
 }
diff --git a/packages/workflow/src/refs-field.ts b/packages/workflow/src/refs-field.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc00edc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/workflow/src/refs-field.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/** Normalize `refs` from persisted JSONL or IPC payloads (missing or invalid → []). */
+export function normalizeRefsField(value: unknown): string[] {
+  if (!Array.isArray(value)) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  const out: string[] = [];
+  for (const x of value) {
+    if (typeof x === "string") {
+      out.push(x);
+    }
+  }
+  return out;
+}
diff --git a/packages/workflow/src/types.ts b/packages/workflow/src/types.ts
index 374c1cd..169c5a6 100644
--- a/packages/workflow/src/types.ts
+++ b/packages/workflow/src/types.ts
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ export type RoleOutput = {
   role: string;
   content: string;
   meta: Record<string, unknown>;
+  /** CAS hashes produced or consumed by this step (for GC traceability). */
+  refs: string[];
 };
 
 /** What the workflow AsyncGenerator returns when done. */
@@ -55,7 +57,13 @@ export type StartStep = {
 
 /** A completed role step in the thread. */
 export type RoleStep<M extends RoleMeta> = {
-  [K in keyof M & string]: { role: K; meta: M[K]; content: string; timestamp: number };
+  [K in keyof M & string]: {
+    role: K;
+    meta: M[K];
+    content: string;
+    refs: string[];
+    timestamp: number;
+  };
 }[keyof M & string];
 
 /** Phase 1: Moderator decides next role. */
@@ -96,6 +104,8 @@ export type RoleDefinition<Meta extends Record<string, unknown>> = {
   systemPrompt: string;
   extractPrompt: string;
   schema: z.ZodType<Meta>;
+  /** When non-null, produces CAS hashes to persist on this role's steps (see `RoleOutput.refs`). */
+  extractRefs: ((meta: Meta) => string[]) | null;
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/packages/workflow/src/worker.ts b/packages/workflow/src/worker.ts
index a985ebf..cf5200e 100644
--- a/packages/workflow/src/worker.ts
+++ b/packages/workflow/src/worker.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { pathToFileURL } from "node:url";
 import type { PrefilledDiskStep } from "./engine.js";
 import { type ExecuteThreadIo, executeThread } from "./engine.js";
 import { createLogger } from "./logger.js";
+import { normalizeRefsField } from "./refs-field.js";
 import { err, ok, type Result } from "./result.js";
 import { createThreadPauseGate, type ThreadPauseGate } from "./thread-pause-gate.js";
 import type { RoleOutput, WorkflowFn } from "./types.js";
@@ -55,7 +56,12 @@ function parseRoleOutputRecord(obj: Record<string, unknown>): RoleOutput | null
   if (meta === null || typeof meta !== "object") {
     return null;
   }
-  return { role, content, meta: meta as Record<string, unknown> };
+  return {
+    role,
+    content,
+    meta: meta as Record<string, unknown>,
+    refs: normalizeRefsField(obj.refs),
+  };
 }
 
 function parseRunStepsPayload(rec: Record<string, unknown>): {
@@ -382,6 +388,7 @@ async function main(): Promise<void> {
             role: step.role,
             content: step.content,
             meta: step.meta,
+            refs: normalizeRefsField(step.refs),
             timestamp: typeof ts === "number" && ts > 0 ? ts : baseTs + i,
           };
         });