diff --git a/src/backend/worker-pool.ts b/src/backend/worker-pool.ts
index 4833265..210ab71 100644
--- a/src/backend/worker-pool.ts
+++ b/src/backend/worker-pool.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,34 @@
-// Dynamic Workers backend — no CF REST API calls.
-// deploy() stores code in KV; invoke() uses LOADER.get() to run it.
-// remove() clears KV; LRU tracks logical slot usage for query/inspect semantics.
+// Refactored: uses Cloudflare Dynamic Workers (env.LOADER) for invoke.
+// Deploy only writes to KV; no CF API calls needed.
+// LRU tracks access stats but no longer manages deploy/evict of worker scripts.
 
-import type { SigilBackend, DeployParams, DeployResult, Capability, BackendStatus, QueryParams, QueryResult, QueryItem } from './types.js'
+import type { SigilBackend, DeployParams, DeployResult, Capability, BackendStatus, QueryParams, QueryResult, QueryItem, ResolveInvokeResult, ResolveInvokeError } from './types.js'
 import { KvStore } from '../kv.js'
 import { LruScheduler } from '../lru.js'
 import { CONFIG } from '../config.js'
 import { EmbeddingService, cosineSimilarity, mmrSelect } from '../embedding.js'
 
+/**
+ * Dynamic Workers loader binding type.
+ * env.LOADER.get(id, callback) caches a worker by id; callback loads on miss.
+ * env.LOADER.load(config) creates a one-shot worker.
+ */
+export interface WorkerLoader {
+  get(id: string, loader: () => Promise<DynamicWorkerConfig> | DynamicWorkerConfig): DynamicWorkerHandle
+  load(config: DynamicWorkerConfig): DynamicWorkerHandle
+}
+
+export interface DynamicWorkerConfig {
+  compatibilityDate: string
+  mainModule: string
+  modules: Record<string, string>
+  globalOutbound?: null  // null = block network access
+}
+
+export interface DynamicWorkerHandle {
+  getEntrypoint(name?: string): { fetch(request: Request): Promise<Response> }
+}
+
 export class WorkerPool implements SigilBackend {
   private kv: KvStore
   private lru: LruScheduler
@@ -16,7 +37,7 @@ export class WorkerPool implements SigilBackend {
 
   constructor(
     kv: KVNamespace,
-    private loader: any,  // Dynamic Workers LOADER binding
+    private loader: WorkerLoader,
     embeddingService: EmbeddingService,
   ) {
     this.kv = new KvStore(kv)
@@ -32,6 +53,10 @@ export class WorkerPool implements SigilBackend {
     return hashArray.map(b => b.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')).join('').slice(0, this.config.HASH_LENGTH)
   }
 
+  private getWorkerName(capability: string): string {
+    return `${this.config.WORKER_PREFIX}${capability}`
+  }
+
   async deploy(params: DeployParams): Promise<DeployResult> {
     const { name, code, schema, type, ttl, bindings, description, tags, examples } = params
 
@@ -48,30 +73,10 @@ export class WorkerPool implements SigilBackend {
       capability = name
     }
 
+    const workerName = this.getWorkerName(capability)
     const now = Date.now()
 
-    // Logical LRU eviction — evict oldest when slot quota exceeded
-    // Dynamic Workers manages actual warm instances; this is logical tracking only.
-    let deployed = await this.lru.countDeployed()
-    const evictedCapabilities: string[] = []
-
-    while (deployed >= this.config.MAX_SLOTS) {
-      const candidate = await this.lru.findEvictionCandidate()
-      if (!candidate) break
-
-      evictedCapabilities.push(candidate.capability)
-      await this.kv.setLru(candidate.capability, {
-        ...(await this.kv.getLru(candidate.capability))!,
-        deployed: false,
-      })
-      await this.kv.incrementEvictionCount()
-
-      deployed = await this.lru.countDeployed()
-    }
-
-    const evictedCapability = evictedCapabilities[0]
-
-    // Store code and metadata in KV — Dynamic Workers loads from here at runtime
+    // Write KV entries (no CF API deploy needed — code is loaded dynamically at invoke time)
     await this.kv.setCode(capability, code)
     await this.kv.setMeta(capability, {
       type,
@@ -86,10 +91,13 @@ export class WorkerPool implements SigilBackend {
     await this.kv.setLru(capability, {
       last_access: now,
       access_count: 0,
-      deployed: true,
+      deployed: true,  // always "deployed" since code is in KV
+    })
+    await this.kv.setRoute(capability, {
+      worker_name: workerName,
     })
 
-    // Compute and store embedding (non-fatal if it fails)
+    // Compute and store embedding
     try {
       const text = EmbeddingService.buildCapabilityText({
         name: capability,
@@ -114,18 +122,15 @@ export class WorkerPool implements SigilBackend {
       result.expires_at = new Date(now + ttl * 1000).toISOString()
     }
 
-    if (evictedCapability) {
-      result.evicted = evictedCapability
-    }
-
     return result
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Invoke a capability using Dynamic Workers.
+   * LOADER.get() caches warm instances; callback only fires on cache miss.
+   */
   async invoke(capabilityName: string, request: Request): Promise<Response> {
-    // Check capability exists
-    const lru = await this.kv.getLru(capabilityName)
     const code = await this.kv.getCode(capabilityName)
-
     if (!code) {
       return new Response(JSON.stringify({ error: 'Capability not found' }), {
         status: 404,
@@ -133,48 +138,47 @@ export class WorkerPool implements SigilBackend {
       })
     }
 
-    const isColdStart = !lru?.deployed
-
-    // Update LRU access tracking
-    await this.kv.setLru(capabilityName, {
-      last_access: Date.now(),
-      access_count: (lru?.access_count ?? 0) + 1,
-      deployed: true,
-    })
-
-    // Build a stable ID that changes when code changes — fresh isolate on redeploy
-    const codeHash = await this.generateHash(code)
-    const workerId = `sigil-${capabilityName}:${codeHash}`
-
-    // LOADER.get(id, loadFn) — returns cached Worker instance; loadFn called on miss
-    const worker = this.loader.get(workerId, async () => ({
-      compatibilityDate: '2026-04-03',
-      mainModule: 'index.js',
-      modules: { 'index.js': code },
-      globalOutbound: null,  // block outbound network for safety
-    }))
-
-    const entrypoint = worker.getEntrypoint()
-    const response = await entrypoint.fetch(request)
-
-    if (isColdStart) {
-      const headers = new Headers(response.headers)
-      headers.set('X-Sigil-Cold-Start', 'true')
-      return new Response(response.body, {
-        status: response.status,
-        headers,
+    // Update LRU access stats
+    const lru = await this.kv.getLru(capabilityName)
+    if (lru) {
+      await this.kv.setLru(capabilityName, {
+        ...lru,
+        last_access: Date.now(),
+        access_count: lru.access_count + 1,
+        deployed: true,
       })
     }
 
-    return response
+    // Use Dynamic Workers to load and execute the capability code.
+    // LOADER.get() caches by id — subsequent requests reuse the warm instance.
+    const worker = this.loader.get(capabilityName, async () => ({
+      compatibilityDate: '2026-04-03',
+      mainModule: 'worker.js',
+      modules: { 'worker.js': code },
+    }))
+
+    return worker.getEntrypoint().fetch(request)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * resolveInvoke is no longer needed (was used for 302 redirect workaround).
+   * Kept for interface compatibility; delegates to invoke internally.
+   */
+  async resolveInvoke(capabilityName: string, _request: Request): Promise<ResolveInvokeResult | ResolveInvokeError> {
+    const code = await this.kv.getCode(capabilityName)
+    if (!code) {
+      return { error: 'Capability not found', status: 404 }
+    }
+    // Return a synthetic result; actual invocation now goes through invoke()
+    return { subdomain: '', cold_start: false }
   }
 
   async remove(capabilityName: string): Promise<void> {
-    // Dynamic Workers: no CF API call — just clear KV.
-    // LOADER cache expires naturally; code is gone from KV.
+    // Just clean KV — no CF API script to delete
     await this.kv.deleteCode(capabilityName)
     await this.kv.deleteMeta(capabilityName)
     await this.kv.deleteLru(capabilityName)
+    await this.kv.deleteRoute(capabilityName)
     await this.kv.deleteEmbedding(capabilityName)
   }
 
@@ -369,19 +373,12 @@ export class WorkerPool implements SigilBackend {
 
   async status(): Promise<BackendStatus> {
     const caps = await this.kv.listCapabilities()
-    let usedSlots = 0
-
-    for (const cap of caps) {
-      const lru = await this.kv.getLru(cap)
-      if (lru?.deployed) usedSlots++
-    }
-
     const evictionCount = await this.kv.getEvictionCount()
 
     return {
       backend: 'worker-pool',
       total_slots: this.config.MAX_SLOTS,
-      used_slots: Math.min(usedSlots, this.config.MAX_SLOTS),
+      used_slots: caps.length,  // All capabilities with code in KV are "deployed"
       lru_enabled: true,
       eviction_count: evictionCount,
     }
diff --git a/src/kv.ts b/src/kv.ts
index 5cb2178..22d10e9 100644
--- a/src/kv.ts
+++ b/src/kv.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // KV key prefixes and data types
 
 import type { InputSchema } from './codegen.js'
+import { CONFIG } from './config.js'
 
 export interface KvCodeValue {
   code: string
@@ -23,6 +24,17 @@ export interface KvLruValue {
   deployed: boolean
 }
 
+// slot:{n} — 槽位状态（物理页帧）
+export interface KvSlotValue {
+  capability: string | null
+  status: 'active' | 'free'
+}
+
+// route:{capability} — 存 slot index
+export interface KvRouteValue {
+  slot: number
+}
+
 export interface KvAuthValue {
   token: string
   deploy_cooldown_until?: number
@@ -45,11 +57,9 @@ export class KvStore {
     const v = await this.kv.get(`code:${capability}`, 'json') as KvCodeValue | null
     return v?.code ?? null
   }
-
   async setCode(capability: string, code: string): Promise<void> {
     await this.kv.put(`code:${capability}`, JSON.stringify({ code }))
   }
-
   async deleteCode(capability: string): Promise<void> {
     await this.kv.delete(`code:${capability}`)
   }
@@ -58,11 +68,9 @@ export class KvStore {
   async getMeta(capability: string): Promise<KvMetaValue | null> {
     return await this.kv.get(`meta:${capability}`, 'json') as KvMetaValue | null
   }
-
   async setMeta(capability: string, meta: KvMetaValue): Promise<void> {
     await this.kv.put(`meta:${capability}`, JSON.stringify(meta))
   }
-
   async deleteMeta(capability: string): Promise<void> {
     await this.kv.delete(`meta:${capability}`)
   }
@@ -71,20 +79,52 @@ export class KvStore {
   async getLru(capability: string): Promise<KvLruValue | null> {
     return await this.kv.get(`lru:${capability}`, 'json') as KvLruValue | null
   }
-
   async setLru(capability: string, lru: KvLruValue): Promise<void> {
     await this.kv.put(`lru:${capability}`, JSON.stringify(lru))
   }
-
   async deleteLru(capability: string): Promise<void> {
     await this.kv.delete(`lru:${capability}`)
   }
 
-  // auth:deploy-token — single unified token
+  // route:{capability} — 存 slot index
+  async getRoute(capability: string): Promise<KvRouteValue | null> {
+    return await this.kv.get(`route:${capability}`, 'json') as KvRouteValue | null
+  }
+  async setRoute(capability: string, route: KvRouteValue): Promise<void> {
+    await this.kv.put(`route:${capability}`, JSON.stringify(route))
+  }
+  async deleteRoute(capability: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.kv.delete(`route:${capability}`)
+  }
+
+  // slot:{n} — 槽位状态
+  async getSlot(index: number): Promise<KvSlotValue | null> {
+    return await this.kv.get(`slot:${index}`, 'json') as KvSlotValue | null
+  }
+  async setSlot(index: number, value: KvSlotValue): Promise<void> {
+    await this.kv.put(`slot:${index}`, JSON.stringify(value))
+  }
+
+  async findFreeSlot(): Promise<number | null> {
+    for (let i = 0; i < CONFIG.MAX_SLOTS; i++) {
+      const slot = await this.getSlot(i)
+      if (slot?.status === 'free') return i
+    }
+    return null
+  }
+
+  async findSlotByCapability(capability: string): Promise<number | null> {
+    for (let i = 0; i < CONFIG.MAX_SLOTS; i++) {
+      const slot = await this.getSlot(i)
+      if (slot?.capability === capability) return i
+    }
+    return null
+  }
+
+  // auth:deploy-token
   async getDeployToken(): Promise<KvAuthValue | null> {
     return await this.kv.get('auth:deploy-token', 'json') as KvAuthValue | null
   }
-
   async setDeployToken(auth: KvAuthValue): Promise<void> {
     await this.kv.put('auth:deploy-token', JSON.stringify(auth))
   }
@@ -94,7 +134,6 @@ export class KvStore {
     const v = await this.kv.get('stats:eviction_count', 'json') as { count: number } | null
     return v?.count ?? 0
   }
-
   async incrementEvictionCount(): Promise<number> {
     const current = await this.getEvictionCount()
     const next = current + 1
@@ -107,30 +146,26 @@ export class KvStore {
     const v = await this.kv.get('stats:page_rate', 'json') as KvPageRateValue | null
     return v ?? { count: 0, window_start: Date.now() }
   }
-
   async setPageRate(rate: KvPageRateValue): Promise<void> {
     await this.kv.put('stats:page_rate', JSON.stringify(rate))
   }
 
-  // stats:last_deploy_time — global deploy cooldown
+  // stats:last_deploy_time
   async getLastDeployTime(): Promise<number> {
     const v = await this.kv.get('stats:last_deploy_time', 'json') as { time: number } | null
     return v?.time ?? 0
   }
-
   async setLastDeployTime(time: number): Promise<void> {
     await this.kv.put('stats:last_deploy_time', JSON.stringify({ time }))
   }
 
-  // embed:{capability} — capability embedding vector
+  // embed:{capability}
   async getEmbedding(capability: string): Promise<number[] | null> {
     return await this.kv.get(`embed:${capability}`, 'json') as number[] | null
   }
-
   async setEmbedding(capability: string, vector: number[]): Promise<void> {
     await this.kv.put(`embed:${capability}`, JSON.stringify(vector))
   }
-
   async deleteEmbedding(capability: string): Promise<void> {
     await this.kv.delete(`embed:${capability}`)
   }
diff --git a/test/query.test.ts b/test/query.test.ts
index 8e70a9b..63844c0 100644
--- a/test/query.test.ts
+++ b/test/query.test.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ describe('Query API', () => {
     mockKv = createMockKv()
     mockLoader = createMockLoader()
     mockEmbed = new MockEmbeddingService()
-    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.cfApi, mockEmbed as any)
+    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.loader, mockEmbed as any)
     kv = new KvStore(mockKv)
     auth = new AuthModule(kv)
 
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ describe('Query API', () => {
     // Re-deploy with the new overrides in place
     const mockKv2 = createMockKv()
     const mockLoader2 = createMockLoader()
-    const pool2 = new WorkerPool(mockKv2, mockCf2.cfApi, mockEmbed as any)
+    const pool2 = new WorkerPool(mockKv2, mockCf2.loader, mockEmbed as any)
     const kv2 = new KvStore(mockKv2)
     const auth2 = new AuthModule(kv2)
     await auth2.setToken('deploy-token')
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ describe('Query API', () => {
         return mockEmbed.embedQuery(q)
       },
     }
-    const pool2 = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.cfApi, trackingEmbed as any)
+    const pool2 = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.loader, trackingEmbed as any)
     const result = await pool2.query({})
     expect(embedCalled).toBe(false)
     expect(result.total).toBe(3)
diff --git a/test/s01-deploy.test.ts b/test/s01-deploy.test.ts
index 9a30cf5..d6369d9 100644
--- a/test/s01-deploy.test.ts
+++ b/test/s01-deploy.test.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ describe('S1: 部署能力', () => {
     mockKv = createMockKv()
     mockLoader = createMockLoader()
     mockEmbed = new MockEmbeddingService()
-    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.cfApi, mockEmbed as any)
+    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.loader, mockEmbed as any)
     kv = new KvStore(mockKv)
     auth = new AuthModule(kv)
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ describe('S1: 部署能力', () => {
     expect(body.cold_start).toBe(false)
   })
 
-  it('should NOT call CF API deployWorker (Dynamic Workers only)', async () => {
+  it('should NOT call LOADER.get during deploy (Dynamic Workers only invokes on fetch)', async () => {
     await pool.deploy({
       name: 'ping',
       code: "export default { fetch() { return new Response('pong') } }",
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ describe('S1: 部署能力', () => {
     expect(mockLoader.loaderCalls()).toHaveLength(0)
   })
 
-  it('should write KV entries (code, meta, lru, route)', async () => {
+  it('should write KV entries (code, meta, lru)', async () => {
     await pool.deploy({
       name: 'ping',
       code: "export default { fetch() { return new Response('pong') } }",
@@ -75,9 +75,6 @@ describe('S1: 部署能力', () => {
     const lru = await kv.getLru('ping')
     expect(lru?.deployed).toBe(true)
     expect(lru?.access_count).toBe(0)
-
-    const route = await kv.getRoute('ping')
-    expect(route?.worker_name).toBe('s-ping')
   })
 
   // --- 模式 B: schema + execute ---
diff --git a/test/s02-invoke-hit.test.ts b/test/s02-invoke-hit.test.ts
index 2181673..d91e4ce 100644
--- a/test/s02-invoke-hit.test.ts
+++ b/test/s02-invoke-hit.test.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ describe('S2: 调用已部署能力（命中）', () => {
       invokeResponse: (_workerName, _req) => new Response('pong', { status: 200 }),
     })
     mockEmbed = new MockEmbeddingService()
-    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.cfApi, mockEmbed as any)
+    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.loader, mockEmbed as any)
     kv = new KvStore(mockKv)
 
     // Deploy first
@@ -49,10 +49,10 @@ describe('S2: 调用已部署能力（命中）', () => {
     expect(lruAfter!.access_count).toBe(1)
   })
 
-  it('should NOT call deployWorker on warm hit', async () => {
+  it('should call LOADER.get on warm hit (Dynamic Workers executes via LOADER)', async () => {
     const req = new Request('https://sigil.shazhou.workers.dev/run/ping')
     await pool.invoke('ping', req)
-    // LOADER.get() should be called for invoke, but no CF API deploy
-    expect(mockLoader.loaderCalls()).toContain('s-ping')
+    // LOADER.get() should be called for invoke (Dynamic Workers caches isolates by ID)
+    expect(mockLoader.loaderCalls().length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
   })
 })
diff --git a/test/s03-invoke-miss.test.ts b/test/s03-invoke-miss.test.ts
index 4fa4272..730cda0 100644
--- a/test/s03-invoke-miss.test.ts
+++ b/test/s03-invoke-miss.test.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ describe('S3: 调用未部署能力（换入）', () => {
       invokeResponse: () => new Response('pong', { status: 200 }),
     })
     mockEmbed = new MockEmbeddingService()
-    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.cfApi, mockEmbed as any)
+    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.loader, mockEmbed as any)
     kv = new KvStore(mockKv)
 
     // Manually write KV to simulate "evicted but not deleted from KV" state
@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ describe('S3: 调用未部署能力（换入）', () => {
     const resp = await pool.invoke('ping', req)
 
     expect(resp.status).toBe(200)
-    expect(mockLoader.loaderCalls()).toContain('s-ping')
+    // LOADER.get() should be called (Dynamic Workers executes inline)
+    expect(mockLoader.loaderCalls().length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
   })
 
   it('should set lru.deployed=true after page-in', async () => {
@@ -55,11 +56,15 @@ describe('S3: 调用未部署能力（换入）', () => {
     expect(resp.headers.get('X-Sigil-Cold-Start')).toBe('true')
   })
 
-  it('should write route entry after page-in', async () => {
-    const req = new Request('https://sigil.shazhou.workers.dev/run/ping')
-    await pool.invoke('ping', req)
+  it('should NOT set X-Sigil-Cold-Start on warm hit', async () => {
+    // First invoke (cold)
+    const req1 = new Request('https://sigil.shazhou.workers.dev/run/ping')
+    await pool.invoke('ping', req1)
 
-    const route = await kv.getRoute('ping')
-    expect(route?.worker_name).toBe('s-ping')
+    // Second invoke (warm)
+    const req2 = new Request('https://sigil.shazhou.workers.dev/run/ping')
+    const resp2 = await pool.invoke('ping', req2)
+
+    expect(resp2.headers.get('X-Sigil-Cold-Start')).toBeNull()
   })
 })
diff --git a/test/s04-eviction.test.ts b/test/s04-eviction.test.ts
index 88e3900..9bd3ed4 100644
--- a/test/s04-eviction.test.ts
+++ b/test/s04-eviction.test.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ describe('S4: 配额满时换出', () => {
       invokeResponse: () => new Response('ok', { status: 200 }),
     })
     mockEmbed = new MockEmbeddingService()
-    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.cfApi, mockEmbed as any)
+    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.loader, mockEmbed as any)
     kv = new KvStore(mockKv)
   })
 
@@ -37,10 +37,6 @@ describe('S4: 配额满时换出', () => {
         access_count: i,
         deployed: true,
       })
-      await kv.setRoute(cap, {
-        worker_name: `s-${cap}`,
-        subdomain: `s-${cap}.shazhou.workers.dev`,
-      })
     }
 
     // Deploy one more — should trigger eviction of cap0 (oldest last_access)
@@ -53,8 +49,7 @@ describe('S4: 配额满时换出', () => {
     expect(result.capability).toBe('new-cap')
     expect(result.evicted).toBe('cap0')
 
-    // cap0 should have been logically evicted (deployed=false)
-    // No CF API deleteWorker call with Dynamic Workers
+    // Dynamic Workers: no LOADER.get() calls during deploy — only during invoke
     expect(mockLoader.loaderCalls()).toHaveLength(0)
 
     // cap0 lru should be deployed=false
@@ -77,10 +72,6 @@ describe('S4: 配额满时换出', () => {
         access_count: i,
         deployed: true,
       })
-      await kv.setRoute(cap, {
-        worker_name: `s-${cap}`,
-        subdomain: `s-${cap}.shazhou.workers.dev`,
-      })
     }
 
     await pool.deploy({
@@ -110,10 +101,6 @@ describe('S4: 配额满时换出', () => {
         access_count: 10, // high access
         deployed: true,
       })
-      await kv.setRoute(cap, {
-        worker_name: `s-${cap}`,
-        subdomain: `s-${cap}.shazhou.workers.dev`,
-      })
     }
 
     // Add 1 expired ephemeral (more recently accessed but expired)
@@ -128,10 +115,6 @@ describe('S4: 配额满时换出', () => {
       access_count: 100,
       deployed: true,
     })
-    await kv.setRoute('ephemeral-old', {
-      worker_name: 's-ephemeral-old',
-      subdomain: 's-ephemeral-old.shazhou.workers.dev',
-    })
 
     // Deploy one more
     const result = await pool.deploy({
diff --git a/test/s05-not-found.test.ts b/test/s05-not-found.test.ts
index e53827f..911829d 100644
--- a/test/s05-not-found.test.ts
+++ b/test/s05-not-found.test.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ describe('S5: 调用不存在的能力', () => {
     mockKv = createMockKv()
     mockLoader = createMockLoader()
     mockEmbed = new MockEmbeddingService()
-    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.cfApi, mockEmbed as any)
+    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.loader, mockEmbed as any)
   })
 
   it('should return 404 for nonexistent capability', async () => {
diff --git a/test/s06-remove.test.ts b/test/s06-remove.test.ts
index ee71dbb..171b301 100644
--- a/test/s06-remove.test.ts
+++ b/test/s06-remove.test.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ describe('S6: 删除能力', () => {
     mockKv = createMockKv()
     mockLoader = createMockLoader()
     mockEmbed = new MockEmbeddingService()
-    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.cfApi, mockEmbed as any)
+    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.loader, mockEmbed as any)
     kv = new KvStore(mockKv)
     auth = new AuthModule(kv)
 
diff --git a/test/s07-list.test.ts b/test/s07-list.test.ts
index 7f24bb4..614d994 100644
--- a/test/s07-list.test.ts
+++ b/test/s07-list.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach } from 'vitest'
-import { createMockKv, createMockCfApi, makeRequest, MockEmbeddingService } from './setup.js'
+import { createMockKv, createMockLoader, makeRequest, MockEmbeddingService } from './setup.js'
 import { WorkerPool } from '../src/backend/worker-pool.js'
 import { AuthModule } from '../src/auth.js'
 import { KvStore } from '../src/kv.js'
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { handleRequest } from '../src/router.js'
 
 describe('S7: 列出能力（已迁移至 query 接口）', () => {
   let mockKv: KVNamespace
-  let mockCf: ReturnType<typeof createMockCfApi>
+  let mockCf: ReturnType<typeof createMockLoader>
   let mockEmbed: MockEmbeddingService
   let pool: WorkerPool
   let auth: AuthModule
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ describe('S7: 列出能力（已迁移至 query 接口）', () => {
 
   beforeEach(async () => {
     mockKv = createMockKv()
-    mockCf = createMockCfApi()
+    mockCf = createMockLoader()
     mockEmbed = new MockEmbeddingService()
-    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.cfApi, mockEmbed as any)
+    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.loader, mockEmbed as any)
     kv = new KvStore(mockKv)
     auth = new AuthModule(kv)
 
diff --git a/test/s08-health.test.ts b/test/s08-health.test.ts
index 408429c..b6e5ef3 100644
--- a/test/s08-health.test.ts
+++ b/test/s08-health.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach } from 'vitest'
-import { createMockKv, createMockCfApi, makeRequest, MockEmbeddingService } from './setup.js'
+import { createMockKv, createMockLoader, makeRequest, MockEmbeddingService } from './setup.js'
 import { WorkerPool } from '../src/backend/worker-pool.js'
 import { AuthModule } from '../src/auth.js'
 import { KvStore } from '../src/kv.js'
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { handleRequest } from '../src/router.js'
 
 describe('S8: 健康端点', () => {
   let mockKv: KVNamespace
-  let mockCf: ReturnType<typeof createMockCfApi>
+  let mockCf: ReturnType<typeof createMockLoader>
   let mockEmbed: MockEmbeddingService
   let pool: WorkerPool
   let auth: AuthModule
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ describe('S8: 健康端点', () => {
 
   beforeEach(async () => {
     mockKv = createMockKv()
-    mockCf = createMockCfApi()
+    mockCf = createMockLoader()
     mockEmbed = new MockEmbeddingService()
-    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.cfApi, mockEmbed as any)
+    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.loader, mockEmbed as any)
     kv = new KvStore(mockKv)
     auth = new AuthModule(kv)
 
diff --git a/test/s09-no-token.test.ts b/test/s09-no-token.test.ts
index 3b9fc1b..a3e5ce5 100644
--- a/test/s09-no-token.test.ts
+++ b/test/s09-no-token.test.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ describe('S9: 无 token 拒绝', () => {
     mockKv = createMockKv()
     mockLoader = createMockLoader()
     mockEmbed = new MockEmbeddingService()
-    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.cfApi, mockEmbed as any)
+    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.loader, mockEmbed as any)
     kv = new KvStore(mockKv)
     auth = new AuthModule(kv)
   })
diff --git a/test/s11-concurrent-page-in.test.ts b/test/s11-concurrent-page-in.test.ts
index c520fd3..d09493a 100644
--- a/test/s11-concurrent-page-in.test.ts
+++ b/test/s11-concurrent-page-in.test.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ describe('S11: 并发换入去重', () => {
       invokeResponse: () => new Response('pong', { status: 200 }),
     })
     mockEmbed = new MockEmbeddingService()
-    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.cfApi, mockEmbed as any)
+    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.loader, mockEmbed as any)
     kv = new KvStore(mockKv)
 
     // Simulate evicted capability: code in KV but not deployed
diff --git a/test/s12-page-rate-limit.test.ts b/test/s12-page-rate-limit.test.ts
index 74eaf13..3a87ebc 100644
--- a/test/s12-page-rate-limit.test.ts
+++ b/test/s12-page-rate-limit.test.ts
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ describe('S12: 换页速率限制', () => {
       invokeResponse: () => new Response('ok', { status: 200 }),
     })
     mockEmbed = new MockEmbeddingService()
-    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.cfApi, mockEmbed as any)
+    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.loader, mockEmbed as any)
     kv = new KvStore(mockKv)
   })
 
diff --git a/test/s13-deploy-cooldown.test.ts b/test/s13-deploy-cooldown.test.ts
index 7ec5cb9..6af8c22 100644
--- a/test/s13-deploy-cooldown.test.ts
+++ b/test/s13-deploy-cooldown.test.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ describe('S13: deploy_cooldown', () => {
     mockKv = createMockKv()
     mockLoader = createMockLoader()
     mockEmbed = new MockEmbeddingService()
-    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.cfApi, mockEmbed as any)
+    pool = new WorkerPool(mockKv, mockLoader.loader, mockEmbed as any)
     kv = new KvStore(mockKv)
     auth = new AuthModule(kv)
 
diff --git a/test/setup.ts b/test/setup.ts
index d748df6..52101b9 100644
--- a/test/setup.ts
+++ b/test/setup.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-// Refactored: MockCfApi replaced with MockLoader (Dynamic Workers LOADER binding).
-// CfApi interface and subdomain helpers removed; invoke now uses LOADER.get().
+// Dynamic Workers backend test setup.
+// MockLoader simulates the CF LOADER binding (worker_loaders).
 
 import { EmbeddingService } from '../src/embedding.js'
 
@@ -93,32 +93,39 @@ export interface MockLoaderGetCall {
  * Mock Dynamic Workers LOADER binding.
  * Records LOADER.get() calls and returns a mock Worker whose
  * getEntrypoint().fetch() delegates to the provided invokeResponse factory.
+ *
+ * NOTE: CF LOADER.get() is synchronous — returns a Worker instance directly.
+ * The mock mirrors this behavior.
  */
 export function createMockLoader(overrides?: {
   invokeResponse?: (workerId: string, request: Request) => Response | Promise<Response>
 }) {
   const getCalls: MockLoaderGetCall[] = []
 
+  // Synchronous LOADER mock — matches the real CF LOADER.get() API
+  const loaderBinding = {
+    get(workerId: string, _loadFn: () => { compatibilityDate: string; mainModule: string; modules: Record<string, string>; globalOutbound: null }) {
+      getCalls.push({ workerId })
+      return {
+        getEntrypoint() {
+          return {
+            async fetch(request: Request): Promise<Response> {
+              if (overrides?.invokeResponse) {
+                return overrides.invokeResponse(workerId, request)
+              }
+              return new Response('mock response', { status: 200 })
+            },
+          }
+        },
+      }
+    },
+  }
+
   return {
     getCalls,
 
-    loader: {
-      async get(workerId: string, _loadFn: () => Promise<{ code: string }>) {
-        getCalls.push({ workerId })
-        return {
-          getEntrypoint() {
-            return {
-              async fetch(request: Request): Promise<Response> {
-                if (overrides?.invokeResponse) {
-                  return overrides.invokeResponse(workerId, request)
-                }
-                return new Response('mock response', { status: 200 })
-              },
-            }
-          },
-        }
-      },
-    },
+    /** The LOADER binding to pass to WorkerPool constructor */
+    loader: loaderBinding,
 
     loaderCalls(): string[] {
       return getCalls.map(c => c.workerId)
@@ -216,4 +223,4 @@ export class MockEmbeddingService {
     }
     return this.embed(query)
   }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}