refactor!: async PulseStore interface for multi-runtime support (refs #5)

- PulseStore/ScopedStore 接口方法返回 Promise<T>
- 所有 store 实现方法改为 async（bun:sqlite 同步调用外包 async）
- defs.ts, projection-engine.ts, gc.ts 公共函数异步化
- index.ts 中 store 调用加 await
- rules/health.ts rebuildHealth 函数异步化
- 核心异步化完成，支持 CF D1 等异步数据库运行时

Breaking Changes:
- All PulseStore methods now return Promise<T>
- Consumer code must add await for all store operations
- Tests need to be updated to use async/await patterns

packages/pulse/src/bin/submit-task.ts

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ const store = createStore({
 });
 
 const content = readFileSync(taskFile, 'utf-8');
-const hash = store.putObject(content);
-store.appendEvent({
+const hash = await store.putObject(content);
+await store.appendEvent({
   occurredAt: Date.now(),
   kind: `${workflow}.__start__`,
   key: topicKey,
@@ -33,4 +33,4 @@ store.appendEvent({
 console.log(`✅ Submitted: ${workflow}.__start__ [${topicKey}]`);
 console.log(`   Content: ${content.slice(0, 100)}...`);
 console.log(`   Hash: ${hash}`);
-store.close();
+await store.close();

packages/pulse/src/bin/workflow-daemon.ts

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ console.log('');
 // ── Adaptive Tick Loop ─────────────────────────────────────────
 
 let currentTickMs = BASE_TICK_MS;
-let lastEventCount = store.getAfter(0).length;
+let lastEventCount = (await store.getAfter(0)).length;
 let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>;
 
 const logTick = async () => {
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ const logTick = async () => {
   const ts = new Date().toISOString().slice(11, 19);
 
   // Check if new events appeared → activity
-  const nowCount = store.getAfter(0).length;
+  const nowCount = (await store.getAfter(0)).length;
   if (nowCount > lastEventCount) {
     currentTickMs = BASE_TICK_MS; // reset to fast
     lastEventCount = nowCount;
@@ -147,8 +147,8 @@ scheduleNext();
 const shutdown = (signal: string) => {
   console.log(`\n⏹️  ${signal} received, shutting down...`);
   clearTimeout(timer);
-  store.close();
-  logStore.close();
+  void store.close();
+  void logStore.close();
   process.exit(0);
 };
 

packages/pulse/src/defs.ts

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ const PROJECTION_DEF_SOURCES_SCHEMA = `
  * Initialize the definition schema on an existing database connection.
  * Use this when you manage the database lifecycle externally.
  */
-export function initDefsSchema(db: Database): void {
+export async function initDefsSchema(db: Database): Promise<void> {
   db.exec(OBJECT_DEFS_SCHEMA);
   db.exec(EVENT_DEFS_SCHEMA);
   db.exec(PROJECTION_DEFS_SCHEMA);
@@ -159,13 +159,13 @@ const selectObjectDef = (db: Database) =>
   WHERE name = ? AND code_rev = ?
 `);
 
-export function registerObjectDef(
+export async function registerObjectDef(
   db: Database,
   opts: {
     name: string;
     codeRev: string;
   },
-): ObjectDef {
+): Promise<ObjectDef> {
   const createdAt = Date.now();
 
   try {
@@ -186,11 +186,11 @@ export function registerObjectDef(
   };
 }
 
-export function getObjectDef(
+export async function getObjectDef(
   db: Database,
   name: string,
   codeRev: string,
-): ObjectDef | null {
+): Promise<ObjectDef | null> {
   const row = selectObjectDef(db).get(name, codeRev) as any;
 
   if (!row) return null;
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ const selectEventDefsByCodeRev = (db: Database) =>
   ORDER BY name
 `);
 
-export function registerEventDef(
+export async function registerEventDef(
   db: Database,
   opts: {
     name: string;
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ export function registerEventDef(
     parentHash?: string;
     codeRev: string;
   },
-): EventDef {
+): Promise<EventDef> {
   const hash = calculateEventHash(opts.name, opts.schema);
   const createdAt = Date.now();
 
@@ -265,11 +265,11 @@ export function registerEventDef(
   };
 }
 
-export function getEventDef(
+export async function getEventDef(
   db: Database,
   name: string,
   codeRev: string,
-): EventDef | null {
+): Promise<EventDef | null> {
   const row = selectEventDefByNameCodeRev(db).get(name, codeRev) as any;
 
   if (!row) return null;
@@ -284,10 +284,10 @@ export function getEventDef(
   };
 }
 
-export function listEventDefs(
+export async function listEventDefs(
   db: Database,
   opts: { codeRev: string },
-): EventDef[] {
+): Promise<EventDef[]> {
   const rows = selectEventDefsByCodeRev(db).all(opts.codeRev) as any[];
 
   return rows.map((row) => ({
@@ -429,11 +429,11 @@ export async function registerProjectionDef(
   };
 }
 
-export function getProjectionDef(
+export async function getProjectionDef(
   db: Database,
   name: string,
   codeRev: string,
-): ProjectionDef | null {
+): Promise<ProjectionDef | null> {
   const row = selectProjectionDefByNameCodeRev(db).get(name, codeRev) as any;
 
   if (!row) return null;
@@ -458,10 +458,10 @@ export function getProjectionDef(
   };
 }
 
-export function listProjectionDefs(
+export async function listProjectionDefs(
   db: Database,
   opts: { codeRev: string },
-): ProjectionDef[] {
+): Promise<ProjectionDef[]> {
   const rows = selectProjectionDefsByCodeRev(db).all(opts.codeRev) as any[];
 
   return rows.map((row) => {

packages/pulse/src/e2e/council-demo.ts

@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ async function main() {
     ];
 
     for (const t of tasks) {
-      const hash = store.putObject(t.description);
-      store.appendEvent({
+      const hash = await store.putObject(t.description);
+      await store.appendEvent({
         occurredAt: Date.now(),
         kind: 'coding.__start__',
         key: t.topicId,
@@ -123,9 +123,9 @@ async function main() {
     log('📊', 'Step 3: Event Timeline');
     console.log();
 
-    const allEvents = store
-      .getAfter(0)
-      .filter((e) => e.kind.startsWith('coding.'));
+    const allEvents = (await store.getAfter(0)).filter((e) =>
+      e.kind.startsWith('coding.'),
+    );
     for (const e of allEvents) {
       const ts = new Date(e.occurredAt).toISOString().slice(11, 23);
       const _role = e.kind.split('.')[1];
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ async function main() {
     log('✅', 'Council v2 demo completed!');
     console.log();
   } finally {
-    store.close();
+    await store.close();
     if (KEEP || useCustomDb) {
       console.log(`📁 Events DB preserved: ${dbPath}`);
     } else if (tmpDir) {

packages/pulse/src/e2e/council-v2-live.ts

@@ -144,10 +144,10 @@ async function main() {
   const rule = createWorkflowRule(codingTask, store);
 
   // Create a real task via coding.__start__ event
-  const hash = store.putObject(
+  const hash = await store.putObject(
     'Create packages/pulse/COUNCIL-V2.md — a concise (30-50 lines) overview of the Council v2 model. Cover: WorkflowType (events, roles, moderator), START/END automaton, pure roles, Moore machine diff-driven ticks. Reference source files in workflows/ directory. Do NOT modify any existing files.',
   );
-  store.appendEvent({
+  await store.appendEvent({
     occurredAt: Date.now(),
     kind: 'coding.__start__',
     key: 'add-v2-readme',
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ async function main() {
 
   // Print event timeline
   console.log(`\n📊 === Event Timeline ===`);
-  const events = store.getAfter(0);
+  const events = await store.getAfter(0);
   const t0ev = events[0]?.occurredAt ?? 0;
   for (const ev of events) {
     const delta = ((ev.occurredAt - t0ev) / 1000).toFixed(1);
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ async function main() {
     );
   }
 
-  store.close();
+  await store.close();
   console.log(`\n📁 DB: ${dbPath}`);
   console.log(`✅ Done in ${((Date.now() - t0) / 1000).toFixed(1)}s\n`);
 }

packages/pulse/src/e2e/meta-coding-optimize.ts

@@ -126,8 +126,8 @@ ${reviewerSrc}
 - commit author: 小橘 <xiaoju@shazhou.work>
 `;
 
-  const hash = store.putObject(taskDescription);
-  store.appendEvent({
+  const hash = await store.putObject(taskDescription);
+  await store.appendEvent({
     occurredAt: Date.now(),
     kind: 'meta.__start__',
     key: 'optimize-coding',
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ ${reviewerSrc}
     console.log('Spec:', r1.executed[0].content.slice(0, 500), '...\n');
   } else {
     console.log('❌ Architect failed');
-    store.close();
+    await store.close();
     return;
   }
 
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ ${reviewerSrc}
     console.log('❌ Coder not triggered');
   }
 
-  store.close();
+  await store.close();
   console.log('\n🏁 Done');
 }
 

packages/pulse/src/e2e/meta-full-e2e.ts

@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ ${readSrc('packages/pulse/src/workflows/roles/reviewer-cursor.ts')}
 - commit author: 小橘 <xiaoju@shazhou.work>
 `;
 
-  const hash = store.putObject(taskDescription);
-  store.appendEvent({
+  const hash = await store.putObject(taskDescription);
+  await store.appendEvent({
     occurredAt: Date.now(),
     kind: 'meta.__start__',
     key: 'optimize-coding',
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ ${readSrc('packages/pulse/src/workflows/roles/reviewer-cursor.ts')}
     }
 
     // Check if we hit END
-    const events = store.getAfter(0);
+    const events = await store.getAfter(0);
     const lastEvent = events[events.length - 1];
     if (lastEvent?.kind === 'meta.promoter') {
       console.log('\n🎉 Workflow completed — promoter finished!');
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ ${readSrc('packages/pulse/src/workflows/roles/reviewer-cursor.ts')}
     }
   }
 
-  store.close();
+  await store.close();
   console.log('\n🏁 Done');
 }
 

packages/pulse/src/e2e/meta-optimize-coding.ts

@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ ${architectSrc}
 5. 可选：加 retry 上限（防止无限循环）
 `;
 
-  const hash = store.putObject(taskDescription);
-  store.appendEvent({
+  const hash = await store.putObject(taskDescription);
+  await store.appendEvent({
     occurredAt: Date.now(),
     kind: 'meta.__start__',
     key: 'optimize-coding',
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ ${architectSrc}
     console.log('❌ No role executed');
   }
 
-  store.close();
+  await store.close();
 }
 
 main().catch(console.error);

packages/pulse/src/e2e/meta-tdd-coding.ts

@@ -199,8 +199,8 @@ ${readSrc('packages/pulse/src/workflows/workflow-type.ts')}
 8. bun run build 通过
 `;
 
-  const hash = store.putObject(taskDescription);
-  store.appendEvent({
+  const hash = await store.putObject(taskDescription);
+  await store.appendEvent({
     occurredAt: Date.now(),
     kind: 'meta.__start__',
     key: 'tdd-coding-workflow',
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ ${readSrc('packages/pulse/src/workflows/workflow-type.ts')}
       console.log(`   meta: ${JSON.stringify(ex.meta)}`);
     }
 
-    const events = store.getAfter(0);
+    const events = await store.getAfter(0);
     const lastEvent = events[events.length - 1];
     if (lastEvent?.kind === 'meta.promoter') {
       console.log('\n🎉 Workflow completed — promoter finished!');
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ ${readSrc('packages/pulse/src/workflows/workflow-type.ts')}
     }
   }
 
-  store.close();
+  await store.close();
   console.log('\n🏁 Done');
 }
 

packages/pulse/src/e2e/report-live.ts

@@ -52,46 +52,49 @@ const source = createStore({
   objectsDir: sourceObjDir,
 });
 
-const events = source
-  .getAfter(0)
-  .filter((e) => e.kind.startsWith('coding.') && e.key === workflowKey);
+const events = (await source.getAfter(0)).filter(
+  (e) => e.kind.startsWith('coding.') && e.key === workflowKey,
+);
 
 if (events.length === 0) {
   console.error(`No events found for key: ${workflowKey}`);
-  source.close();
+  await source.close();
   process.exit(1);
 }
 
 const tStart = events[0].occurredAt;
+const eventItems = await Promise.all(
+  events.map(async (e, i) => {
+    const role = e.kind.replace('coding.', '');
+    const meta = e.meta ? JSON.parse(e.meta) : null;
+    let content: string | null = null;
+    if (e.hash) {
+      try {
+        const obj = await source.getObject(e.hash);
+        content = typeof obj === 'string' ? obj : JSON.stringify(obj);
+      } catch {}
+    }
+    return {
+      id: e.id,
+      role,
+      offsetMs: e.occurredAt - tStart,
+      durationMs: i > 0 ? e.occurredAt - events[i - 1].occurredAt : 0,
+      meta,
+      content,
+    };
+  }),
+);
 const timelineJson = JSON.stringify(
   {
     key: workflowKey,
     totalMs: events[events.length - 1].occurredAt - tStart,
-    events: events.map((e, i) => {
-      const role = e.kind.replace('coding.', '');
-      const meta = e.meta ? JSON.parse(e.meta) : null;
-      let content: string | null = null;
-      if (e.hash) {
-        try {
-          const obj = source.getObject(e.hash);
-          content = typeof obj === 'string' ? obj : JSON.stringify(obj);
-        } catch {}
-      }
-      return {
-        id: e.id,
-        role,
-        offsetMs: e.occurredAt - tStart,
-        durationMs: i > 0 ? e.occurredAt - events[i - 1].occurredAt : 0,
-        meta,
-        content,
-      };
-    }),
+    events: eventItems,
   },
   null,
   2,
 );
 
-source.close();
+await source.close();
 console.log(
   ts(),
   `Timeline loaded: ${events.length} events, ${(JSON.parse(timelineJson).totalMs / 1000).toFixed(1)}s`,
@@ -119,8 +122,8 @@ const reportWorkflow = createReportWorkflow({
 const rule = createWorkflowRule(reportWorkflow, reportStore);
 
 // Seed with timeline JSON
-const hash = reportStore.putObject(timelineJson);
-reportStore.appendEvent({
+const hash = await reportStore.putObject(timelineJson);
+await reportStore.appendEvent({
   occurredAt: Date.now(),
   kind: 'report.__start__',
   key: `report-${workflowKey}`,
@@ -146,10 +149,10 @@ while (tickNum < 5) {
 }
 
 // Extract HTML report
-const allEvents = reportStore.getAfter(0);
+const allEvents = await reportStore.getAfter(0);
 const rendererEvt = allEvents.find((e) => e.kind === 'report.renderer');
 if (rendererEvt?.hash) {
-  const html = reportStore.getObject(rendererEvt.hash) as string;
+  const html = await reportStore.getObject(rendererEvt.hash) as string;
   const outPath = join(tmpDir, `report-${workflowKey}.html`);
   writeFileSync(outPath, html, 'utf-8');
   console.log(
@@ -168,5 +171,5 @@ if (analystEvt?.meta) {
   );
 }
 
-reportStore.close();
+await reportStore.close();
 console.log(`\n✅ Done in ${((Date.now() - t0) / 1000).toFixed(1)}s`);

packages/pulse/src/gc.ts

@@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ export interface GcResult {
  * Run GC on vitals store: downsample + archive.
  * Returns stats about what was cleaned up.
  */
-export function gcVitals(
+export async function gcVitals(
   vitalsStore: PulseStore,
   config: GcConfig = DEFAULT_GC_CONFIG,
-): { downsampledCount: number; archivedCount: number } {
+): Promise<{ downsampledCount: number; archivedCount: number }> {
   const now = Date.now();
   let downsampledCount = 0;
   let archivedCount = 0;
@@ -82,13 +82,13 @@ export function gcVitals(
 
     if (tier.intervalMs === null) {
       // Hard delete (archive)
-      archivedCount += vitalsStore.archiveEvents(olderThan);
+      archivedCount += await vitalsStore.archiveEvents(olderThan);
     } else {
       // Downsample: query distinct kind+key combos from vitals, then downsample each.
       // We downsample all kinds present in vitals.
-      const kinds = getDistinctKindKeys(vitalsStore, olderThan);
+      const kinds = await getDistinctKindKeys(vitalsStore, olderThan);
       for (const { kind, key } of kinds) {
-        downsampledCount += vitalsStore.downsampleEvents(
+        downsampledCount += await vitalsStore.downsampleEvents(
           kind,
           key,
           tier.intervalMs,
@@ -107,10 +107,10 @@ export function gcVitals(
  * Scans all events in the given stores for hash references,
  * then compares against files in objectsDir.
  */
-export function gcOrphanObjects(
+export async function gcOrphanObjects(
   stores: PulseStore[],
   objectsDir: string,
-): number {
+): Promise<number> {
   // Mark: collect all hashes referenced by events
   const referencedHashes = new Set<string>();
 
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ export function gcOrphanObjects(
       'init',
       'gc',
     ]) {
-      const events = store.queryByKind(kind, {});
+      const events = await store.queryByKind(kind, {});
       for (const event of events) {
         if (event.hash) {
           referencedHashes.add(event.hash);
@@ -167,22 +167,22 @@ export function gcOrphanObjects(
  * Full GC cycle: vitals downsample/archive + CAS orphan sweep.
  * Writes a gc event to systemStore for observability.
  */
-export function runGc(options: {
+export async function runGc(options: {
   vitalsStore: PulseStore;
   systemStore: PulseStore;
   allStores: PulseStore[];
   objectsDir: string;
   config?: GcConfig;
-}): GcResult {
+}): Promise<GcResult> {
   const config = options.config ?? DEFAULT_GC_CONFIG;
   const start = Date.now();
 
-  const { downsampledCount, archivedCount } = gcVitals(
+  const { downsampledCount, archivedCount } = await gcVitals(
     options.vitalsStore,
     config,
   );
 
-  const orphanObjectsCount = gcOrphanObjects(
+  const orphanObjectsCount = await gcOrphanObjects(
     options.allStores,
     options.objectsDir,
   );
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ export function runGc(options: {
   };
 
   // Write GC stats event to _system scope
-  options.systemStore.appendEvent({
+  await options.systemStore.appendEvent({
     occurredAt: Date.now(),
     kind: 'gc',
     key: 'vitals',
@@ -229,11 +229,9 @@ export function createGcTrigger(options: {
     tickCount++;
     if (tickCount >= config.tickInterval) {
       tickCount = 0;
-      try {
-        runGc({ ...options, config });
-      } catch (err) {
+      runGc({ ...options, config }).catch((err) => {
         console.error('[pulse gc]', err);
-      }
+      });
     }
   };
 }
@@ -244,10 +242,10 @@ export function createGcTrigger(options: {
  * Get distinct kind+key combos from a store for events older than a threshold.
  * Used to know which series to downsample.
  */
-function getDistinctKindKeys(
+async function getDistinctKindKeys(
   store: PulseStore,
   olderThan: number,
-): Array<{ kind: string; key: string }> {
+): Promise<Array<{ kind: string; key: string }>> {
   // queryByKind returns events filtered by kind.
   // For vitals, the main kind is 'vital' with key = watcher name.
   // We also handle 'collect' kind in case vitals store has those.
@@ -255,7 +253,7 @@ function getDistinctKindKeys(
   const seen = new Set<string>();
 
   for (const kind of ['vital', 'collect']) {
-    const events = store.queryByKind(kind, { limit: 1000 });
+    const events = await store.queryByKind(kind, { limit: 1000 });
     for (const event of events) {
       const pair = `${kind}:${event.key ?? ''}`;
       if (!seen.has(pair) && event.occurredAt < olderThan) {

packages/pulse/src/index.ts

@@ -162,8 +162,8 @@ export function composeRules<S, E>(
  * If no rollback, use the latest promote event.
  * If no promote at all, return null (cold start).
  */
-export function findEffectiveEpoch(store: PulseStore): EventRecord | null {
-  const rollback = store.getLatest('rollback');
+export async function findEffectiveEpoch(store: PulseStore): Promise<EventRecord | null> {
+  const rollback = await store.getLatest('rollback');
   if (rollback) {
     // rollback.meta should contain { to: 'v1' } — the code_rev to roll back to
     let meta: Record<string, unknown> = {};
@@ -171,14 +171,14 @@ export function findEffectiveEpoch(store: PulseStore): EventRecord | null {
       meta = rollback.meta ? JSON.parse(rollback.meta) : {};
     } catch {
       // Corrupted meta — skip this rollback event, fall through to latest promote
-      return store.getLatest('promote');
+      return await store.getLatest('promote');
     }
     const targetRev = (meta.to as string | undefined) || rollback.codeRev;
     if (targetRev) {
-      return store.getLatestWhere({ kind: 'promote', codeRev: targetRev });
+      return await store.getLatestWhere({ kind: 'promote', codeRev: targetRev });
     }
   }
-  return store.getLatest('promote');
+  return await store.getLatest('promote');
 }
 
 // ── Snapshot Rebuild ───────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -196,12 +196,12 @@ export function findEffectiveEpoch(store: PulseStore): EventRecord | null {
  * task projections (pending-tasks, agent-capability-stats) are folded from workflowStore.
  * Falls back to options.systemStore for backward compatibility.
  */
-export function rebuildSnapshot<S extends { timestamp: number }>(
+export async function rebuildSnapshot<S extends { timestamp: number }>(
   storeOrStores: PulseStore | { system: PulseStore; vitals: PulseStore },
   senseKeys: string[],
   epoch?: EventRecord | null,
   options?: { systemStore?: PulseStore; workflowStore?: PulseStore },
-): S {
+): Promise<S> {
   const isMultiStore =
     typeof storeOrStores === 'object' &&
     'system' in storeOrStores &&
@@ -218,9 +218,9 @@ export function rebuildSnapshot<S extends { timestamp: number }>(
   for (const key of senseKeys) {
     // Priority 1: read latest vital from vitals store (if provided)
     if (vitalsStore) {
-      const latestVital = vitalsStore.getLatest('vital', key);
+      const latestVital = await vitalsStore.getLatest('vital', key);
       if (latestVital?.hash) {
-        const data = vitalsStore.getObject(latestVital.hash);
+        const data = await vitalsStore.getObject(latestVital.hash);
         if (data !== null) {
           snapshot[key] = {
             data,
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ export function rebuildSnapshot<S extends { timestamp: number }>(
 
     // Priority 2: fallback to events table (migrate/init events)
     if (epoch) {
-      const events = store.getAfter(epoch.id, {
+      const events = await store.getAfter(epoch.id, {
         kind: 'collect',
         key,
         codeRev: epoch.codeRev ?? undefined,
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ export function rebuildSnapshot<S extends { timestamp: number }>(
       const latestCollect =
         events.length > 0 ? events[events.length - 1]! : null;
       if (latestCollect?.hash) {
-        const data = store.getObject(latestCollect.hash);
+        const data = await store.getObject(latestCollect.hash);
         if (data !== null) {
           snapshot[key] = {
             data,
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ export function rebuildSnapshot<S extends { timestamp: number }>(
       }
 
       // Check migrate events
-      const migrateEvents = store.getAfter(epoch.id, {
+      const migrateEvents = await store.getAfter(epoch.id, {
         kind: 'migrate',
         key,
         codeRev: epoch.codeRev ?? undefined,
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ export function rebuildSnapshot<S extends { timestamp: number }>(
       if (migrateEvents.length > 0) {
         const latestMigrate = migrateEvents[migrateEvents.length - 1]!;
         if (latestMigrate.hash) {
-          const data = store.getObject(latestMigrate.hash);
+          const data = await store.getObject(latestMigrate.hash);
           if (data !== null) {
             snapshot[key] = {
               data,
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ export function rebuildSnapshot<S extends { timestamp: number }>(
       }
 
       // Check init events
-      const initEvents = store.getAfter(epoch.id, {
+      const initEvents = await store.getAfter(epoch.id, {
         kind: 'init',
         key,
         codeRev: epoch.codeRev ?? undefined,
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ export function rebuildSnapshot<S extends { timestamp: number }>(
       if (initEvents.length > 0) {
         const latestInit = initEvents[initEvents.length - 1]!;
         if (latestInit.hash) {
-          const data = store.getObject(latestInit.hash);
+          const data = await store.getObject(latestInit.hash);
           if (data !== null) {
             snapshot[key] = {
               data,
@@ -292,9 +292,9 @@ export function rebuildSnapshot<S extends { timestamp: number }>(
       }
     } else {
       // No epoch — try latest collect from events table directly
-      const latest = store.getLatest('collect', key);
+      const latest = await store.getLatest('collect', key);
       if (latest?.hash) {
-        const data = store.getObject(latest.hash);
+        const data = await store.getObject(latest.hash);
         if (data !== null) {
           snapshot[key] = {
             data,
@@ -319,10 +319,10 @@ export function rebuildSnapshot<S extends { timestamp: number }>(
  * Read each declared projection's current value, using "scope/name" as key.
  * If projection doesn't exist, value is null (graceful degradation).
  */
-export function buildSnapshotFromProjections<S extends { timestamp: number }>(
+export async function buildSnapshotFromProjections<S extends { timestamp: number }>(
   scopedStore: ScopedStore,
   projectionPaths: string[], // ["_vitals/cpu_usage", "neko/session_count"]
-): S {
+): Promise<S> {
   const snapshot: Record<string, unknown> = { timestamp: Date.now() };
 
   for (const projectionPath of projectionPaths) {
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ export function buildSnapshotFromProjections<S extends { timestamp: number }>(
       const scopeDb = scopedStore.scopeDatabase(scopeName);
 
       // Get projection state
-      const projectionState = getProjectionState(scopeDb, projectionName);
+      const projectionState = await getProjectionState(scopeDb, projectionName);
 
       if (projectionState) {
         snapshot[projectionPath] = projectionState.value;
@@ -447,9 +447,9 @@ export async function runPulse<S extends { timestamp: number }, E>(options: {
   const pulse = composeRules(rules, defaultTickMs);
 
   // Determine version epoch (always from system store)
-  const epoch = findEffectiveEpoch(systemStore);
+  const epoch = await findEffectiveEpoch(systemStore);
 
-  let prev = rebuildSnapshot<S>(
+  let prev = await rebuildSnapshot<S>(
     { system: systemStore, vitals: vitalsStore },
     senseKeys,
     epoch,
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ export async function runPulse<S extends { timestamp: number }, E>(options: {
     ticking = true;
     pendingWake = false;
 
-    const curr = rebuildSnapshot<S>(
+    const curr = await rebuildSnapshot<S>(
       { system: systemStore, vitals: vitalsStore },
       senseKeys,
       epoch,
@@ -522,8 +522,8 @@ export async function runPulse<S extends { timestamp: number }, E>(options: {
     // Write effect events to store (fire-and-forget — executorLoop picks them up)
     if (effects.length > 0) {
       for (const effect of effects) {
-        const effectHash = systemStore.putObject(effect);
-        systemStore.appendEvent({
+        const effectHash = await systemStore.putObject(effect);
+        await systemStore.appendEvent({
           occurredAt: Date.now(),
           kind: 'effect',
           key: effectHash,
@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ export async function runPulse<S extends { timestamp: number }, E>(options: {
     }
 
     // Record tick event with the actual tickMs that will be used for next iteration
-    systemStore.appendEvent({
+    await systemStore.appendEvent({
       occurredAt: Date.now(),
       kind: 'tick',
       meta: JSON.stringify({
@@ -629,7 +629,7 @@ export async function runPulseV2<S extends { timestamp: number }, E>(options: {
   const pulse = composeRules(rules, defaultTickMs);
 
   // Build initial snapshot
-  let prev = buildSnapshotFromProjections<S>(scopedStore, projectionPaths);
+  let prev = await buildSnapshotFromProjections<S>(scopedStore, projectionPaths);
   let tickMs = defaultTickMs;
 
   // ── Wake mechanism ─────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -698,7 +698,7 @@ export async function runPulseV2<S extends { timestamp: number }, E>(options: {
     }
 
     // Build current snapshot from projections
-    const curr = buildSnapshotFromProjections<S>(scopedStore, projectionPaths);
+    const curr = await buildSnapshotFromProjections<S>(scopedStore, projectionPaths);
     const tickStart = Date.now();
     const [effects, nextTickMs] = await pulse(prev, curr);
 
@@ -706,8 +706,8 @@ export async function runPulseV2<S extends { timestamp: number }, E>(options: {
     if (effects.length > 0) {
       const sysStore = scopedStore.scope('_system');
       for (const effect of effects) {
-        const effectHash = sysStore.putObject(effect);
-        sysStore.appendEvent({
+        const effectHash = await sysStore.putObject(effect);
+        await sysStore.appendEvent({
           occurredAt: Date.now(),
           kind: 'effect',
           key: effectHash,
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ export async function runPulseV2<S extends { timestamp: number }, E>(options: {
 
     // Record tick event in system store
     const systemStore = scopedStore.scope('_system');
-    systemStore.appendEvent({
+    await systemStore.appendEvent({
       occurredAt: Date.now(),
       kind: 'tick',
       meta: JSON.stringify({
@@ -762,7 +762,7 @@ export async function executorLoop<E>(options: {
   while (!signal?.aborted) {
     try {
       // Find all pending effect events
-      const effectEvents = store.queryByKind('effect');
+      const effectEvents = await store.queryByKind('effect');
 
       for (const effectEvent of effectEvents) {
         if (signal?.aborted) break;
@@ -771,23 +771,23 @@ export async function executorLoop<E>(options: {
         const idStr = String(effectEvent.id);
 
         // Check if already acked or failed
-        const acked = store.getLatest('effect-acked', idStr);
+        const acked = await store.getLatest('effect-acked', idStr);
         if (acked) continue;
-        const failed = store.getLatest('effect-failed', idStr);
+        const failed = await store.getLatest('effect-failed', idStr);
         if (failed) continue;
-        const executing = store.getLatest('effect-executing', idStr);
+        const executing = await store.getLatest('effect-executing', idStr);
         if (executing) continue;
 
         // Retrieve the effect object from CAS
         if (!effectEvent.hash) continue;
-        const effectObj = store.getObject(effectEvent.hash) as E | null;
+        const effectObj = (await store.getObject(effectEvent.hash)) as E | null;
         if (effectObj === null) continue;
 
         // Mark as inflight
         inflight.add(effectEvent.id);
 
         // Write effect-executing event
-        store.appendEvent({
+        await store.appendEvent({
           occurredAt: Date.now(),
           kind: 'effect-executing',
           key: idStr,
@@ -800,7 +800,7 @@ export async function executorLoop<E>(options: {
         execute([effectObj])
           .then(() => {
             // Write effect-acked event
-            store.appendEvent({
+            return store.appendEvent({
               occurredAt: Date.now(),
               kind: 'effect-acked',
               key: idStr,
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ export async function executorLoop<E>(options: {
             // Write effect-failed event
             const errorMessage =
               err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
-            store.appendEvent({
+            return store.appendEvent({
               occurredAt: Date.now(),
               kind: 'effect-failed',
               key: idStr,

packages/pulse/src/persona.ts

@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ import type {
  * - persona-updated only patches provided fields.
  * - Events are merged in occurredAt order.
  */
-export function buildPersonasFromEvents(
+export async function buildPersonasFromEvents(
   store: PulseStore,
-): Map<string, PersonaState> {
-  const registered = store.queryByKind('persona-registered');
-  const updated = store.queryByKind('persona-updated');
+): Promise<Map<string, PersonaState>> {
+  const registered = await store.queryByKind('persona-registered');
+  const updated = await store.queryByKind('persona-updated');
 
   const allEvents = [...registered, ...updated];
   allEvents.sort((a, b) => a.occurredAt - b.occurredAt);

packages/pulse/src/projection-engine.ts

@@ -161,10 +161,10 @@ function writeErrorEvent(
 /**
  * Get current projection state from the database.
  */
-export function getProjectionState(
+export async function getProjectionState(
   scopeDb: Database,
   projectionName: string,
-): ProjectionState | null {
+): Promise<ProjectionState | null> {
   const stmt = getProjectionStateStmt(scopeDb);
   const row = stmt.get(projectionName) as any;
 
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ export async function foldProjection(
   codeRev: string,
 ): Promise<ProjectionState> {
   // 1. Get projection definition
-  const def = getProjectionDef(scopeDb, projectionName, codeRev);
+  const def = await getProjectionDef(scopeDb, projectionName, codeRev);
   if (!def) {
     throw new Error(
       `Projection definition not found: ${projectionName}@${codeRev}`,
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ export async function foldProjection(
   }
 
   // 2. Get current state from projections table
-  const currentState = getProjectionState(scopeDb, projectionName);
+  const currentState = await getProjectionState(scopeDb, projectionName);
   const currentValue = currentState?.value ?? def.initialValue;
   const lastEventId = currentState?.lastEventId ?? 0;
 
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ export async function foldAllProjections(
   }
 
   const { listProjectionDefs } = await import('./defs.js');
-  const projectionDefs = listProjectionDefs(scopeDb, { codeRev });
+  const projectionDefs = await listProjectionDefs(scopeDb, { codeRev });
 
   const results = new Map<string, ProjectionState>();
 
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ export async function resetProjections(
 
   // 2. Get all projection definitions for new code_rev
   const { listProjectionDefs } = await import('./defs.js');
-  const projectionDefs = listProjectionDefs(scopeDb, { codeRev });
+  const projectionDefs = await listProjectionDefs(scopeDb, { codeRev });
 
   // 3. Replay all events for each projection
   const allEventsStmt = selectAllEventsStmt(scopeDb);

packages/pulse/src/rules/agent-loop.ts

@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ async function runProjectLoop(
     tool_choice: 'required',
   });
 
-  opts.workflowStore.appendEvent({
+  await opts.workflowStore.appendEvent({
     kind: 'llm-call-started',
     meta: JSON.stringify({ projectId, taskCount: allTasks.length }),
     occurredAt: Date.now(),
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ async function runProjectLoop(
       ),
     ]);
   } catch (err) {
-    opts.workflowStore.appendEvent({
+    await opts.workflowStore.appendEvent({
       kind: 'llm-call-failed',
       meta: JSON.stringify({ projectId, error: String(err) }),
       occurredAt: Date.now(),
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ async function runProjectLoop(
 
   // 6. write trace event
   const durationMs = Date.now() - startTime;
-  opts.workflowStore.appendEvent({
+  await opts.workflowStore.appendEvent({
     kind: 'llm-call-completed',
     meta: JSON.stringify({
       projectId,

packages/pulse/src/rules/health.ts

@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ export interface HealthSnapshot {
  * Rebuild health field from events table.
  * This function is in core package, agent cannot change.
  */
-export function rebuildHealth(store: PulseStore): HealthSnapshot {
+export async function rebuildHealth(store: PulseStore): Promise<HealthSnapshot> {
   const now = Date.now();
   const windowStart = now - 5 * 60 * 1000; // 5 minute window
 
   // Query recent events from events table
-  const recentEvents = store.queryByKind('effect', { since: windowStart });
+  const recentEvents = await store.queryByKind('effect', { since: windowStart });
 
   // Count restarts
   const lastRestart: Record<string, { ts: number; count: number }> = {};
@@ -46,10 +46,10 @@ export function rebuildHealth(store: PulseStore): HealthSnapshot {
   }
 
   // Count error events
-  const errorEvents = store.queryByKind('error', { since: windowStart });
+  const errorEvents = await store.queryByKind('error', { since: windowStart });
 
   // Find latest promote within window
-  const latestPromote = store.getLatest('promote');
+  const latestPromote = await store.getLatest('promote');
   let lastPromote: HealthSnapshot['lastPromote'];
   if (latestPromote && latestPromote.occurredAt > windowStart) {
     const meta = latestPromote.meta ? JSON.parse(latestPromote.meta) : {};

packages/pulse/src/store.test.ts

@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ describe('createStore (events table + CAS)', () => {
 
   // ── 2. appendEvent ────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-  it('2. appendEvent returns EventRecord with number id', () => {
+  it('2. appendEvent returns EventRecord with number id', async () => {
     const store = createStore({ eventsDbPath, objectsDir });
-    const result = store.appendEvent({
+    const result = await store.appendEvent({
       occurredAt: 1000,
       kind: 'tick',
       key: 'system',
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ describe('createStore (events table + CAS)', () => {
     expect(result.occurredAt).toBe(1000);
     expect(result.kind).toBe('tick');
     expect(result.key).toBe('system');
-    store.close();
+    await store.close();
   });
 
   // ── 3. ID 唯一性 ───────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -291,22 +291,22 @@ describe('createStore (events table + CAS)', () => {
 
   // ── 14. hasEvents ─────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-  it('14. hasEvents returns false on empty, true after insert', () => {
+  it('14. hasEvents returns false on empty, true after insert', async () => {
     const store = createStore({ eventsDbPath, objectsDir });
 
-    expect(store.hasEvents()).toBe(false);
+    expect(await store.hasEvents()).toBe(false);
 
-    store.appendEvent({ occurredAt: 1000, kind: 'tick' });
-    expect(store.hasEvents()).toBe(true);
-    store.close();
+    await store.appendEvent({ occurredAt: 1000, kind: 'tick' });
+    expect(await store.hasEvents()).toBe(true);
+    await store.close();
   });
 
   // ── 15. putObject + getObject (CAS) ───────────────────────────
 
-  it('15. putObject writes and getObject reads back correctly', () => {
+  it('15. putObject writes and getObject reads back correctly', async () => {
     const store = createStore({ eventsDbPath, objectsDir });
     const data = { cpu: 42, mem: 1024 };
-    const hash = store.putObject(data);
+    const hash = await store.putObject(data);
 
     expect(typeof hash === 'string').toBeTruthy();
     expect(hash.length).toBe(32);
@@ -316,12 +316,12 @@ describe('createStore (events table + CAS)', () => {
     expect(existsSync(filePath)).toBeTruthy();
 
     // Read back
-    const retrieved = store.getObject(hash);
+    const retrieved = await store.getObject(hash);
     expect(retrieved).toEqual(data);
 
     // Non-existent hash returns null
-    expect(store.getObject('0000000000000000')).toBe(null);
-    store.close();
+    expect(await store.getObject('0000000000000000')).toBe(null);
+    await store.close();
   });
 
   // ── 16. CAS 去重 ──────────────────────────────────────────────

packages/pulse/src/store.ts

@@ -42,36 +42,36 @@ export interface ObjectInstance {
 
 export interface PulseStore {
   /** Append one event (id is auto-incremented) */
-  appendEvent(event: Omit<EventRecord, 'id'>): EventRecord;
+  appendEvent(event: Omit<EventRecord, 'id'>): Promise<EventRecord>;
 
   /** Append multiple events in a transaction */
-  appendEvents(events: Omit<EventRecord, 'id'>[]): EventRecord[];
+  appendEvents(events: Omit<EventRecord, 'id'>[]): Promise<EventRecord[]>;
 
   /** Create an immutable object instance. Returns the integer id. Idempotent on (objectType, externalId). */
   createObject(opts: {
     objectType: string;
     externalId?: string;
     codeRev: string;
-  }): number;
+  }): Promise<number>;
 
   /** Get an object instance by id. Returns null if not found. */
-  getObjectInstance(id: number): ObjectInstance | null;
+  getObjectInstance(id: number): Promise<ObjectInstance | null>;
 
   /** Query object instances by type. */
-  queryObjectsByType(objectType: string): ObjectInstance[];
+  queryObjectsByType(objectType: string): Promise<ObjectInstance[]>;
 
   /** Get the latest event by kind + optional key */
-  getLatest(kind: string, key?: string): EventRecord | null;
+  getLatest(kind: string, key?: string): Promise<EventRecord | null>;
 
   /** Get latest event with additional filters */
   getLatestWhere(opts: {
     kind: string;
     key?: string;
     codeRev?: string;
-  }): EventRecord | null;
+  }): Promise<EventRecord | null>;
 
   /** Get recent events (newest first) */
-  getRecent(limit?: number): EventRecord[];
+  getRecent(limit?: number): Promise<EventRecord[]>;
 
   /** Query events by kind with optional filters */
   queryByKind(
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ export interface PulseStore {
       codeRev?: string;
       limit?: number;
     },
-  ): EventRecord[];
+  ): Promise<EventRecord[]>;
 
   /** Get all events after a specific event id */
   getAfter(
@@ -92,22 +92,22 @@ export interface PulseStore {
       key?: string;
       codeRev?: string;
     },
-  ): EventRecord[];
+  ): Promise<EventRecord[]>;
 
   /** Check if any events exist */
-  hasEvents(): boolean;
+  hasEvents(): Promise<boolean>;
 
   /** Write data to CAS store. Returns hash. No-op if already exists. */
-  putObject(data: unknown): string;
+  putObject(data: unknown): Promise<string>;
 
   /** Read data from CAS store by hash. Returns null if not found. */
-  getObject(hash: string): unknown | null;
+  getObject(hash: string): Promise<unknown | null>;
 
   /** Close the database */
-  close(): void;
+  close(): Promise<void>;
 
   /** Delete events older than the given timestamp. Returns count of deleted rows. */
-  archiveEvents(olderThan: number): number;
+  archiveEvents(olderThan: number): Promise<number>;
 
   /** Downsample events of a specific kind+key: keep one per interval window. Returns count of deleted rows. */
   downsampleEvents(
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ export interface PulseStore {
     key: string,
     intervalMs: number,
     olderThan: number,
-  ): number;
+  ): Promise<number>;
 }
 
 // ── CAS Hashing ────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -284,15 +284,15 @@ export function createStore(options: CreateStoreOptions): PulseStore {
   );
 
   return {
-    appendEvent(event: Omit<EventRecord, 'id'>): EventRecord {
+    async appendEvent(event: Omit<EventRecord, 'id'>): Promise<EventRecord> {
       return doAppendEvent(event);
     },
 
-    appendEvents(events: Omit<EventRecord, 'id'>[]): EventRecord[] {
+    async appendEvents(events: Omit<EventRecord, 'id'>[]): Promise<EventRecord[]> {
       return appendManyTx(events);
     },
 
-    getLatest(kind: string, key?: string): EventRecord | null {
+    async getLatest(kind: string, key?: string): Promise<EventRecord | null> {
       const row = selectLatest.get(
         kind,
         key ?? null,
@@ -301,11 +301,11 @@ export function createStore(options: CreateStoreOptions): PulseStore {
       return row ? rowToRecord(row) : null;
     },
 
-    getLatestWhere(opts: {
+    async getLatestWhere(opts: {
       kind: string;
       key?: string;
       codeRev?: string;
-    }): EventRecord | null {
+    }): Promise<EventRecord | null> {
       const conditions: string[] = ['kind = ?'];
       const params: (string | number | null)[] = [opts.kind];
 
@@ -323,12 +323,12 @@ export function createStore(options: CreateStoreOptions): PulseStore {
       return row ? rowToRecord(row) : null;
     },
 
-    getRecent(limit: number = 20): EventRecord[] {
+    async getRecent(limit: number = 20): Promise<EventRecord[]> {
       const sql = `SELECT * FROM events ORDER BY occurred_at DESC, id DESC LIMIT ?`;
       return (eventsDb.prepare(sql).all(limit) as RawRow[]).map(rowToRecord);
     },
 
-    queryByKind(
+    async queryByKind(
       kind: string,
       opts?: {
         key?: string;
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ export function createStore(options: CreateStoreOptions): PulseStore {
         codeRev?: string;
         limit?: number;
       },
-    ): EventRecord[] {
+    ): Promise<EventRecord[]> {
       const conditions: string[] = ['kind = ?'];
       const params: (string | number | null)[] = [kind];
 
@@ -364,14 +364,14 @@ export function createStore(options: CreateStoreOptions): PulseStore {
       );
     },
 
-    getAfter(
+    async getAfter(
       afterId: number,
       opts?: {
         kind?: string;
         key?: string;
         codeRev?: string;
       },
-    ): EventRecord[] {
+    ): Promise<EventRecord[]> {
       const conditions: string[] = ['id > ?'];
       const params: (string | number | null)[] = [afterId];
 
@@ -394,15 +394,15 @@ export function createStore(options: CreateStoreOptions): PulseStore {
       );
     },
 
-    hasEvents(): boolean {
+    async hasEvents(): Promise<boolean> {
       return selectHasEvents.get() !== null;
     },
 
-    createObject(opts: {
+    async createObject(opts: {
       objectType: string;
       externalId?: string;
       codeRev: string;
-    }): number {
+    }): Promise<number> {
       const now = Date.now();
       const extId = opts.externalId ?? null;
       // Idempotent: if (objectType, externalId) already exists, return existing id
@@ -422,14 +422,14 @@ export function createStore(options: CreateStoreOptions): PulseStore {
       return Number(result.lastInsertRowid);
     },
 
-    getObjectInstance(id: number): ObjectInstance | null {
+    async getObjectInstance(id: number): Promise<ObjectInstance | null> {
       const row = eventsDb
         .prepare('SELECT * FROM objects WHERE id = ?')
         .get(id) as RawObjectRow | null;
       return row ? rowToObjectInstance(row) : null;
     },
 
-    queryObjectsByType(objectType: string): ObjectInstance[] {
+    async queryObjectsByType(objectType: string): Promise<ObjectInstance[]> {
       return (
         eventsDb
           .prepare('SELECT * FROM objects WHERE object_type = ?')
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ export function createStore(options: CreateStoreOptions): PulseStore {
       ).map(rowToObjectInstance);
     },
 
-    putObject(data: unknown): string {
+    async putObject(data: unknown): Promise<string> {
       const hash = hashObject(data);
       const filePath = join(objectsDir, `${hash}.json`);
       if (!existsSync(filePath)) {
@@ -447,29 +447,29 @@ export function createStore(options: CreateStoreOptions): PulseStore {
       return hash;
     },
 
-    getObject(hash: string): unknown | null {
+    async getObject(hash: string): Promise<unknown | null> {
       const filePath = join(objectsDir, `${hash}.json`);
       if (!existsSync(filePath)) return null;
       return JSON.parse(readFileSync(filePath, 'utf-8'));
     },
 
-    close(): void {
+    async close(): Promise<void> {
       eventsDb.close();
     },
 
-    archiveEvents(olderThan: number): number {
+    async archiveEvents(olderThan: number): Promise<number> {
       const result = eventsDb
         .prepare('DELETE FROM events WHERE occurred_at < ?')
         .run(olderThan);
       return result.changes;
     },
 
-    downsampleEvents(
+    async downsampleEvents(
       kind: string,
       key: string,
       intervalMs: number,
       olderThan: number,
-    ): number {
+    ): Promise<number> {
       const safeInterval = Math.floor(Math.abs(intervalMs));
       if (safeInterval <= 0) return 0;
       const stmt = eventsDb.prepare(`
@@ -503,10 +503,10 @@ export interface ScopedStore {
   /** Get underlying Database for scope (used by projection engine) */
   scopeDatabase(name: string): Database;
 
-  putObject(data: unknown): string;
-  getObject(hash: string): unknown | null;
+  putObject(data: unknown): Promise<string>;
+  getObject(hash: string): Promise<unknown | null>;
 
-  close(): void;
+  close(): Promise<void>;
 }
 
 function validateScopeName(name: string): void {
@@ -520,6 +520,7 @@ function validateScopeName(name: string): void {
 /**
  * Open (or create) a scope database at the given path.
  * Sets WAL mode and creates the events table and projections table.
+ * initDefsSchema is async in interface but synchronous in bun:sqlite — safe to call with void.
  */
 function openScopeDb(path: string): Database {
   mkdirSync(dirname(path), { recursive: true });
@@ -533,8 +534,8 @@ function openScopeDb(path: string): Database {
   // Use canonical PROJECTIONS_SCHEMA (INTEGER last_event_id)
   db.exec(PROJECTIONS_SCHEMA);
 
-  // Each scope carries its own def tables
-  initDefsSchema(db);
+  // Each scope carries its own def tables (bun:sqlite is sync under async wrapper)
+  void initDefsSchema(db);
 
   return db;
 }
@@ -591,15 +592,15 @@ function createScopeStore(db: Database, objectsDir: string): PulseStore {
   );
 
   return {
-    appendEvent(event) {
+    async appendEvent(event) {
       return doAppendEvent(event);
     },
 
-    appendEvents(events) {
+    async appendEvents(events) {
       return appendManyTx(events);
     },
 
-    getLatest(kind, key?) {
+    async getLatest(kind, key?) {
       const row = selectLatest.get(
         kind,
         key ?? null,
@@ -608,7 +609,7 @@ function createScopeStore(db: Database, objectsDir: string): PulseStore {
       return row ? rowToRecord(row) : null;
     },
 
-    getLatestWhere(opts) {
+    async getLatestWhere(opts) {
       const conditions: string[] = ['kind = ?'];
       const params: (string | number | null)[] = [opts.kind];
       if (opts.key !== undefined) {
@@ -624,12 +625,12 @@ function createScopeStore(db: Database, objectsDir: string): PulseStore {
       return row ? rowToRecord(row) : null;
     },
 
-    getRecent(limit = 20) {
+    async getRecent(limit = 20) {
       const sql = `SELECT * FROM events ORDER BY occurred_at DESC, id DESC LIMIT ?`;
       return (db.prepare(sql).all(limit) as RawRow[]).map(rowToRecord);
     },
 
-    queryByKind(kind, opts?) {
+    async queryByKind(kind, opts?) {
       const conditions: string[] = ['kind = ?'];
       const params: (string | number | null)[] = [kind];
       if (opts?.key !== undefined) {
@@ -652,7 +653,7 @@ function createScopeStore(db: Database, objectsDir: string): PulseStore {
       return (db.prepare(sql).all(...params) as RawRow[]).map(rowToRecord);
     },
 
-    getAfter(afterId: number, opts?) {
+    async getAfter(afterId: number, opts?) {
       const conditions: string[] = ['id > ?'];
       const params: (string | number | null)[] = [afterId];
       if (opts?.kind !== undefined) {
@@ -671,15 +672,15 @@ function createScopeStore(db: Database, objectsDir: string): PulseStore {
       return (db.prepare(sql).all(...params) as RawRow[]).map(rowToRecord);
     },
 
-    hasEvents() {
+    async hasEvents() {
       return selectHasEvents.get() !== null;
     },
 
-    createObject(opts: {
+    async createObject(opts: {
       objectType: string;
       externalId?: string;
       codeRev: string;
-    }): number {
+    }): Promise<number> {
       const now = Date.now();
       const extId = opts.externalId ?? null;
       if (extId !== null) {
@@ -698,14 +699,14 @@ function createScopeStore(db: Database, objectsDir: string): PulseStore {
       return Number(result.lastInsertRowid);
     },
 
-    getObjectInstance(id: number): ObjectInstance | null {
+    async getObjectInstance(id: number): Promise<ObjectInstance | null> {
       const row = db
         .prepare('SELECT * FROM objects WHERE id = ?')
         .get(id) as RawObjectRow | null;
       return row ? rowToObjectInstance(row) : null;
     },
 
-    queryObjectsByType(objectType: string): ObjectInstance[] {
+    async queryObjectsByType(objectType: string): Promise<ObjectInstance[]> {
       return (
         db
           .prepare('SELECT * FROM objects WHERE object_type = ?')
@@ -713,7 +714,7 @@ function createScopeStore(db: Database, objectsDir: string): PulseStore {
       ).map(rowToObjectInstance);
     },
 
-    putObject(data) {
+    async putObject(data) {
       const hash = hashObject(data);
       const filePath = join(objectsDir, `${hash}.json`);
       if (!existsSync(filePath)) {
@@ -723,29 +724,29 @@ function createScopeStore(db: Database, objectsDir: string): PulseStore {
       return hash;
     },
 
-    getObject(hash) {
+    async getObject(hash) {
       const filePath = join(objectsDir, `${hash}.json`);
       if (!existsSync(filePath)) return null;
       return JSON.parse(readFileSync(filePath, 'utf-8'));
     },
 
-    close() {
+    async close() {
       db.close();
     },
 
-    archiveEvents(olderThan: number): number {
+    async archiveEvents(olderThan: number): Promise<number> {
       const result = db
         .prepare('DELETE FROM events WHERE occurred_at < ?')
         .run(olderThan);
       return result.changes;
     },
 
-    downsampleEvents(
+    async downsampleEvents(
       kind: string,
       key: string,
       intervalMs: number,
       olderThan: number,
-    ): number {
+    ): Promise<number> {
       const safeInterval = Math.floor(Math.abs(intervalMs));
       if (safeInterval <= 0) return 0;
       const stmt = db.prepare(`
@@ -818,7 +819,7 @@ export function createScopedStore(
         .sort();
     },
 
-    putObject(data: unknown): string {
+    async putObject(data: unknown): Promise<string> {
       const hash = hashObject(data);
       const filePath = join(objectsDir, `${hash}.json`);
       if (!existsSync(filePath)) {
@@ -828,15 +829,15 @@ export function createScopedStore(
       return hash;
     },
 
-    getObject(hash: string): unknown | null {
+    async getObject(hash: string): Promise<unknown | null> {
       const filePath = join(objectsDir, `${hash}.json`);
       if (!existsSync(filePath)) return null;
       return JSON.parse(readFileSync(filePath, 'utf-8'));
     },
 
-    close(): void {
+    async close(): Promise<void> {
       for (const store of openStores.values()) {
-        store.close();
+        await store.close();
       }
       for (const db of openDatabases.values()) {
         db.close();

packages/pulse/src/watcher.ts

@@ -103,23 +103,25 @@ export function startWatcher(
 
       try {
         const data = await def.collect();
-        const hash = store.putObject(data);
+        const hash = await store.putObject(data);
 
-        store.appendEvent({
+        await store.appendEvent({
           occurredAt: Date.now(),
           kind: 'vital',
           key: def.key,
           hash,
         });
 
-        const window = store.queryByKind('vital', {
+        const window = await store.queryByKind('vital', {
           key: def.key,
           limit: 12,
         });
-        const resolvedWindow: VitalWithData<any>[] = window.map((v) => ({
-          ...v,
-          data: v.hash ? store.getObject(v.hash) : null,
-        }));
+        const resolvedWindow: VitalWithData<any>[] = await Promise.all(
+          window.map(async (v) => ({
+            ...v,
+            data: v.hash ? await store.getObject(v.hash) : null,
+          })),
+        );
 
         if (def.shouldWake(resolvedWindow)) {
           wakeTick();
@@ -132,11 +134,11 @@ export function startWatcher(
         }
         console.error(`[watcher:${def.name}] error during tick:`, err);
         try {
-          store.appendEvent({
+          await store.appendEvent({
             occurredAt: Date.now(),
             kind: 'vital',
             key: `_error:${def.key}`,
-            hash: store.putObject({
+            hash: await store.putObject({
               error: msg,
               watcher: def.name,
             }),

packages/pulse/src/workflows/workflow-rule-adapter.ts

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ export function createWorkflowRule(
 
       // Incremental read: first tick reads all, subsequent ticks read only new events
       const afterId = checkpoint ? checkpoint.lastEventId : 0;
-      const newEvents = store.getAfter(afterId);
+      const newEvents = await store.getAfter(afterId);
 
       // Initialize or reuse checkpoint
       if (!checkpoint) {
@@ -145,11 +145,12 @@ export function createWorkflowRule(
 
         // Build message chain from cached topic events
         const cachedEvents = checkpoint.topicEvents.get(action.topicId) ?? [];
-        const chain: WorkflowMessage[] = cachedEvents.map((e) => ({
+        const chain: WorkflowMessage[] = await Promise.all(
+          cachedEvents.map(async (e) => ({
             role: e.kind.slice(prefix.length),
             content: e.hash
-              ? (() => {
-                  const obj = store.getObject(e.hash!);
+              ? await (async () => {
+                  const obj = await store.getObject(e.hash!);
                   if (typeof obj === 'string') return obj;
                   if (obj && typeof obj === 'object' && 'content' in obj)
                     return String((obj as any).content);
@@ -166,11 +167,12 @@ export function createWorkflowRule(
                 })()
               : null,
             timestamp: e.occurredAt,
-          }));
+          })),
+        );
 
         // Log role-started
         if (logStore) {
-          logStore.appendEvent({
+          await logStore.appendEvent({
             occurredAt: Date.now(),
             kind: `${wf.name}.role-started`,
             key: action.topicId,
@@ -187,8 +189,8 @@ export function createWorkflowRule(
           const result = await roleFn(chain, action.topicId, store);
 
           // Adapter writes CAS + event
-          const hash = store.putObject(result.content);
-          const written = store.appendEvent({
+          const hash = await store.putObject(result.content);
+          const written = await store.appendEvent({
             occurredAt: Date.now(),
             kind: `${wf.name}.${action.role}`,
             key: action.topicId,
@@ -213,7 +215,7 @@ export function createWorkflowRule(
           }
 
           if (logStore) {
-            logStore.appendEvent({
+            await logStore.appendEvent({
               occurredAt: Date.now(),
               kind: `${wf.name}.role-completed`,
               key: action.topicId,
@@ -232,7 +234,7 @@ export function createWorkflowRule(
           });
         } catch (err) {
           if (logStore) {
-            logStore.appendEvent({
+            await logStore.appendEvent({
               occurredAt: Date.now(),
               kind: `${wf.name}.role-failed`,
               key: action.topicId,