united-workforce/docs/architecture.md

Uncaged workflow — Architecture

Last updated: 2026-05-09

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Overview

A workflow engine that executes single-file ESM bundles. Each workflow is a self-contained .esm.js file identified by its XXH64 hash (Crockford Base32). No daemon — processes start on demand and exit when done.

The implementation lives in 15 Bun workspace packages under packages/, using the workspace:* protocol.

Package map

Grouped by responsibility (npm name → folder).

Layer	Package	One-line role
Contract	@uncaged/workflow-protocol → workflow-protocol	Shared TypeScript types and Result helpers; peer zod only — no other workspace deps.
Author API	@uncaged/workflow-runtime → workflow-runtime	createWorkflow and re-exports of protocol workflow types for bundle authors.
Shared infra	@uncaged/workflow-util → workflow-util	Base32/ULID, logger, storage root paths, global CAS dir, ref-field helpers.
LLM plumbing	@uncaged/workflow-reactor → workflow-reactor	createLlmFn, createThreadReactor, and related tool-call types for threaded LLM invocation.
CAS	@uncaged/workflow-cas → workflow-cas	CasStore implementation, XXH64 hashing, Merkle helpers over CAS payloads.
Registry / bundles	@uncaged/workflow-register → workflow-register	Bundle validation & dynamic export extraction, workflow.yaml registry I/O, provider/model resolution.
Engine	@uncaged/workflow-execute → workflow-execute	Thread execution, worker entry path, fork/GC, extract pipeline, workflowAsAgent.
CLI	@uncaged/cli-workflow → cli-workflow	uncaged-workflow binary (depends on engine, registry, CAS, protocol, util, runtime).
Agent adapters	@uncaged/workflow-agent-cursor → workflow-agent-cursor	AgentFn via cursor-agent CLI + workspace extraction.
	@uncaged/workflow-agent-hermes → workflow-agent-hermes	AgentFn via hermes chat CLI.
	@uncaged/workflow-agent-llm → workflow-agent-llm	AgentFn via OpenAI-compatible HTTP (LlmProvider from runtime).
Agent shared	@uncaged/workflow-util-agent → workflow-util-agent	buildAgentPrompt, spawnCli for CLI-backed agents.
Templates	@uncaged/workflow-template-develop → workflow-template-develop	Develop workflow definition, roles, descriptor builder.
	@uncaged/workflow-template-solve-issue → workflow-template-solve-issue	Solve-issue workflow definition, roles, descriptor builder.
Dashboard	@uncaged/workflow-dashboard → workflow-dashboard	Private Vite + React app (src/main.tsx); only react / react-dom dependencies — no workspace packages.

Dependency graph (workspace packages)

Bottom-up layering for the execution stack:

flowchart BT
  subgraph L0["Layer 0 — contract"]
    protocol["@uncaged/workflow-protocol"]
  end
  subgraph L1["Layer 1 — on protocol"]
    runtime["@uncaged/workflow-runtime"]
    util["@uncaged/workflow-util"]
    reactor["@uncaged/workflow-reactor"]
  end
  subgraph L2["Layer 2 — protocol + util"]
    cas["@uncaged/workflow-cas"]
    register["@uncaged/workflow-register"]
  end
  subgraph L3["Layer 3 — engine"]
    execute["@uncaged/workflow-execute"]
  end
  subgraph L4["Layer 4 — CLI"]
    cli["@uncaged/cli-workflow"]
  end
  runtime --> protocol
  util --> protocol
  reactor --> protocol
  cas --> protocol
  cas --> util
  register --> protocol
  register --> util
  execute --> protocol
  execute --> runtime
  execute --> util
  execute --> cas
  execute --> reactor
  execute --> register
  cli --> protocol
  cli --> util
  cli --> cas
  cli --> execute
  cli --> register
  cli --> runtime

Adjacent consumers (not in the main CLI stack):

• @uncaged/workflow-util-agent → @uncaged/workflow-runtime
• @uncaged/workflow-agent-llm → @uncaged/workflow-runtime
• @uncaged/workflow-agent-cursor → @uncaged/workflow-runtime, @uncaged/workflow-util-agent, zod
• @uncaged/workflow-agent-hermes → @uncaged/workflow-runtime, @uncaged/workflow-util-agent
• @uncaged/workflow-template-develop → @uncaged/workflow-register, @uncaged/workflow-runtime, zod
• @uncaged/workflow-template-solve-issue → @uncaged/workflow-register, @uncaged/workflow-runtime, zod (dev-only workspace deps: @uncaged/workflow-cas, @uncaged/workflow-execute for tests/tooling per package.json)

Package roles (detail)

• workflow-protocol — Pure types (WorkflowFn, contexts, CasStore interface, descriptor shapes), START / END, ok / err. Depends only on peer zod for schema-related types in signatures.
• workflow-runtime — Workflow author surface: createWorkflow from src/create-workflow.js, re-exports protocol types/constants used when authoring bundles.
• workflow-util — Cross-cutting utilities: Crockford Base32, ULID, createLogger, getDefaultWorkflowStorageRoot, getGlobalCasDir, ref normalization; re-exports ok/err from protocol.
• workflow-cas — Filesystem CAS (createCasStore), hashString / hashWorkflowBundleBytes, Merkle node serialization and helpers (merkle.js).
• workflow-register — Bundle pipeline (validateWorkflowBundle, extractBundleExports, descriptor builders), registry YAML read/write, resolveModel / splitProviderModelRef.
• workflow-execute — executeThread, supervisor/worker wiring (engine/), fork/GC/pause gate, createExtract + LLM extract helpers (extract/), workflowAsAgent. Imports @uncaged/workflow-reactor for LLM-backed extract/supervisor paths (extract-fn.ts, supervisor.ts).
• workflow-reactor — createLlmFn, createThreadReactor, and thread tool-invocation types — consumed by workflow-execute.
• cli-workflow — CLI commands and HTTP/dashboard-related wiring (hono, yaml); composes register + execute + CAS + util.
• workflow-agent-* — Replaceable AgentFn implementations (Cursor / Hermes CLIs, or HTTP LLM).
• workflow-util-agent — Shared prompt assembly and subprocess spawning for CLI agents.
• workflow-template-* — Concrete WorkflowDefinition graphs + Zod role schemas + descriptor builders for publishing bundles.
• workflow-dashboard — Standalone React UI; no published library entry matching src/index.ts.

Three-phase engine loop

Each role round is implemented in packages/workflow-runtime/src/create-workflow.ts (advanceOneRound): moderator → agent → extractor, with progressive context types from @uncaged/workflow-protocol.

┌─→ Phase 1: MODERATOR
│   Context: ModeratorContext { threadId, depth, start, steps }
│   Action:  moderator(ctx) → role name | END
│
│   Phase 2: AGENT
│   Context: AgentContext = ModeratorCtx + { currentRole: { name, systemPrompt } }
│   Action:  agent(ctx) → raw string
│
│   Phase 3: EXTRACTOR
│   Context: ExtractContext = AgentCtx + { agentContent }
│   Action:  runtime.extract(schema, extractPrompt, ctx) → typed meta
│
│   Merge: RoleStep { role, contentHash, meta, refs, timestamp }
│   Append to steps
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Context types (progressive)

Defined in packages/workflow-protocol/src/types.ts:

type ModeratorContext<M> = ThreadContext<M>;
type AgentContext<M> = ModeratorContext<M> & {
  currentRole: { name: string; systemPrompt: string };
};
type ExtractContext<M> = AgentContext<M> & { agentContent: string };

Key properties

• Moderator is synchronous and pure — no I/O, no state mutation inside createWorkflow’s moderator call path.
• Agent receives AgentContext — reads ctx.currentRole.systemPrompt; raw output becomes agentContent for extract.
• Extractor is WorkflowRuntime.extract — supplied by the engine from registry-resolved LLM config (workflow-execute); stores agent body in CAS and yields contentHash + refs on each step (create-workflow.ts).
• extractPrompt is a call parameter on RoleDefinition, not implicit context state.

Agent information sources

An agent has exactly three information sources:

1. Prior knowledge — LLM training, agent memory, agent skills
2. Thread context — AgentContext (start, steps, currentRole)
3. Derived information — from 1 & 2 (e.g. tool calls, shell commands)

No hidden environment parameters. If an agent needs something (like a workspace path), it obtains it via ExtractFn (e.g. Cursor agent).

Bundle contract

A workflow bundle is a single .esm.js file with two named exports (see WorkflowFn / WorkflowDescriptor in packages/workflow-protocol/src/types.ts):

export const descriptor: WorkflowDescriptor;
export const run: WorkflowFn;

type WorkflowFn = (
  thread: ThreadContext,
  runtime: WorkflowRuntime,
) => AsyncGenerator<RoleOutput, WorkflowCompletion>;

RoleOutput carries contentHash, meta, and refs (agent text lives in CAS, addressed by hash).

Constraints

• Single .esm.js file
• No dynamic import() in bundles (loader exempt in engine)
• Portable bundle static imports are constrained by validation in @uncaged/workflow-register (validateWorkflowBundle)
• XXH64 hash (Crockford Base32) = version ID

Why AsyncGenerator?

• Each yield lets workflow-execute persist state, CAS rows, and enforce pause/abort
• return supplies WorkflowCompletion
• Fork replays historical steps into a new thread context
• Bundle does not import the engine — only protocol/runtime types at build time

Storage layout

~/.uncaged/workflow/
├── cas/                           # Global content-addressed blobs (see getGlobalCasDir)
├── bundles/
│   ├── C9NMV6V2TQT81.esm.js       # Crockford Base32 of XXH64
│   └── C9NMV6V2TQT81.yaml         # Role descriptor sidecar (when present)
├── logs/                          # One folder per bundle hash
│   └── C9NMV6V2TQT81/
│       ├── 01KQXKW…YG.data.jsonl  # Thread state
│       └── 01KQXKW…YG.info.jsonl  # Debug log
└── workflow.yaml                  # Registry

ID encoding: Crockford Base32

• Case-insensitive, filesystem-safe, no ambiguous chars (0/O, 1/I/L)
• Bundle hash: XXH64 → 13-char
• Thread ID: ULID → 26-char (10 timestamp + 16 random)

Registry (workflow.yaml)

Managed by @uncaged/workflow-register (readWorkflowRegistry, writeWorkflowRegistry, …). Shape includes workflow entries and a top-level config section used for extract/supervisor model resolution.

Thread JSONL

.data.jsonl — Line 1: start record; following lines: role steps with CAS-backed content.

// Start record
{ "name": "solve-issue", "hash": "C9NMV6V2TQT81", "threadId": "01KQXKW…",
  "parameters": { "prompt": "Fix bug #3", "options": { "maxRounds": 5 } },
  "timestamp": 1714963200000 }
// Role output (engine persists contentHash + refs; body in ~/.uncaged/workflow/cas/)
{ "role": "planner", "contentHash": "…", "meta": { "phases": [...] }, "refs": ["…"], "timestamp": ... }

.info.jsonl — Structured debug log via @uncaged/workflow-util createLogger:

{ "tag": "4KNMR2PX", "content": "Loading bundle...", "timestamp": ... }

Tags are 8-char Crockford Base32 (40-bit random), one per call site. grep "4KNMR2PX" → code location.

Execution model

• No daemon. uncaged-workflow run <name> starts a worker process (workflow-execute worker entry via getWorkerHostScriptPath)
• Threads share bundle-scoped workers as implemented in CLI/engine
• Pause/resume/abort via engine IPC and pause gate (createThreadPauseGate)

CLI commands

Priority	Command	Description
P1	add <name> <file.esm.js>	Register a bundle
P1	list	List registered workflows
P1	show <name>	Show workflow details
P1	remove <name>	Remove a workflow
P1	run <name> [--prompt] [--max-rounds]	Start a thread
P1	threads [name]	List threads
P1	thread <id>	Show thread state
P1	thread rm <id>	Delete a thread
P1	ps	List running threads
P1	kill <thread-id>	Terminate a running thread
P2	history <name>	Show version history
P2	rollback <name> [hash]	Switch to a previous version
P2	pause <thread-id>	Pause a running thread
P2	resume <thread-id>	Resume a paused thread
P3	fork <thread-id> [--from-role <role>]	Fork from historical state

Design decisions

Decision	Rationale
Role = pure data	Decouples definition from execution; same role with different agents
Agent bound at runtime	WorkflowDefinition is reusable; agent choice is deployment concern
Three-phase context	Each phase sees only what it needs; types live in workflow-protocol
WorkflowRuntime.extract + CAS contentHash	Large agent bodies deduplicated globally; Merkle roots summarize threads
workflow-reactor split	LLM tool-calling loop isolated from filesystem/registry concerns
Single-file ESM	Hash = version, self-contained bundle
No daemon	OS handles process lifecycle
Crockford Base32	Filesystem-safe, readable, compact
15-package split	Clear boundaries: protocol ↔ runtime author API ↔ util/CAS/register ↔ execute ↔ CLI ↔ agents/templates/UI