feat: implement template CLI subcommands (set/get/list/delete)

Implement ucas template subcommands for managing template storage:
- template set <schema-hash> <file> | --inline <text>: Store template text in CAS
- template get <schema-hash>: Retrieve template as raw text
- template list: List all templates with preview
- template delete <schema-hash>: Delete template variable binding

Templates are stored as plain text under @string schema and bound to
variables using the naming pattern @ucas/template/text/<schema-hash>.

Fixes #38

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

.changeset/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "$schema": "https://unpkg.com/@changesets/config@3.1.1/schema.json",
-  "changelog": "@changesets/changelog-github",
+  "changelog": ["@changesets/changelog-github", { "repo": "uncaged/json-cas" }],
   "commit": false,
   "fixed": [["@uncaged/*"]],
   "linked": [],

.cursor/rules/sync-readme.mdc

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Sync README
+
+See [docs/sync-readme.md](../../docs/sync-readme.md) for full rules.

.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 node_modules/
 dist/
 *.d.ts.map
+*.tsbuildinfo
+.worktrees/

.workflows/retrospect-workflow.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+name: "retrospect-workflow"
+description: "Post-execution retrospective: analyze a completed thread, find inefficiencies, and improve the workflow definition."
+roles:
+  analyst:
+    description: "Scans thread execution for anomalies and produces a findings report"
+    goal: "You are a workflow execution analyst. You review completed thread data to find inefficiencies, wasted effort, and procedure gaps."
+    capabilities:
+      - data-analysis
+    procedure: |
+      You receive a completed thread ID in your task prompt.
+
+      Phase 0 — Validation (must pass before any analysis):
+      1. Run `uwf step list <thread-id>` to get thread metadata including the workflow hash
+      2. Run `uwf workflow show <workflow-hash>` to get the workflow name
+      3. Verify the workflow exists locally: check `.workflows/<name>.yaml` in the current repo
+         - If NOT found: output $status=wrong_project with the workflow name. Do NOT proceed.
+      4. Compare the thread's workflow hash against the current registered version:
+         - Run `uwf workflow show <name>` to get the current hash
+         - If hashes differ: the thread ran on an older version. Note this — you will need to diff versions after analysis.
+
+      Phase 1 — Overview scan:
+      5. From the step list, compute a health signal for each step:
+         - Duration: flag if >2x the median of other steps
+         - Output tokens: flag if >2x the median
+         - Status flow: flag non-happy-path transitions (rejected, fix_code, fix_spec, hook_failed)
+         - Step count: flag if the same role appears more than expected (indicates loops)
+      6. If no anomalies found AND versions match: output $status=clean
+      7. If no anomalies found BUT versions differ:
+         - Diff the two workflow versions to check if any procedure changes are relevant
+         - If the current version already addresses potential concerns: output $status=clean with a note
+         - Otherwise: proceed to Phase 2
+
+      Phase 2 — Targeted deep-dive (only for flagged steps):
+      8. For each flagged step, run `uwf step show <hash>` to get the detail with turns
+      9. Analyze the turn sequence for:
+         - Repeated tool calls with the same or similar input (blind retries)
+         - Tool errors followed by no strategy change (same approach retried)
+         - Unnecessary exploration (reading files or running commands unrelated to the task)
+         - Hallucinated commands or flags (commands that don't exist or wrong syntax)
+         - Excessive turns before reaching the goal
+      10. For each finding, record:
+          - Which role and step hash
+          - What happened (specific turn indices and commands)
+          - Root cause hypothesis (procedure gap, missing pitfall, unclear instruction)
+          - Suggested fix (what to add/change in the procedure)
+      11. If versions differ: compare findings against the version diff.
+          Mark any finding that is already fixed in the current version as "resolved_in_current".
+          Only report findings that are NOT yet addressed.
+
+      Output a structured findings report. Set $status=clean if nothing actionable, $status=findings if unresolved issues exist, or $status=wrong_project if the workflow doesn't belong here.
+    output: "A findings report with per-issue root cause and suggested procedure fixes. Set $status to clean or findings (with report hash)."
+    frontmatter:
+      oneOf:
+        - properties:
+            $status: { const: "clean" }
+            summary: { type: string }
+          required: [$status, summary]
+        - properties:
+            $status: { const: "findings" }
+            report: { type: string }
+            targetWorkflow: { type: string }
+          required: [$status, report, targetWorkflow]
+        - properties:
+            $status: { const: "wrong_project" }
+            workflowName: { type: string }
+          required: [$status, workflowName]
+  proposer:
+    description: "Translates findings into concrete workflow edits"
+    goal: "You are a workflow improvement proposer. You read the analyst's findings and produce specific, minimal edits to the workflow YAML."
+    capabilities:
+      - planning
+    procedure: |
+      1. Read the analyst's findings report from your task prompt
+      2. Locate the target workflow YAML:
+         - Workflow definitions live in the WORKFLOW ENGINE repo (where `uwf` is developed), NOT in the repo that was analyzed.
+         - Find it via: `uwf workflow show <targetWorkflow> --format yaml` to read the current definition
+         - The physical file is `.workflows/<targetWorkflow>.yaml` in the workflow engine repo
+         - Use `git rev-parse --show-toplevel` in the current directory to find the workflow engine repo root
+      3. Read the current workflow YAML to understand existing procedures
+      4. For each finding, draft a minimal edit:
+         - Prefer adding a pitfall note or clarifying instruction over restructuring
+         - If a procedure step is ambiguous, make it explicit
+         - If a tool usage pattern is wrong, add a "Do NOT" or "IMPORTANT" note
+         - Keep edits surgical — don't rewrite procedures that work fine
+      5. Check if existing tests need updating (search for test files referencing the workflow)
+      6. Produce a change plan as CAS text node via `uwf cas put-text "<plan>"`
+
+      The plan should list each edit with:
+      - File path
+      - What to change (old text → new text, or addition)
+      - Why (linked to which finding)
+      - Any test updates needed
+    output: "A change plan stored in CAS. Set $status to ready (with plan hash and repoPath) or no_action (if findings don't warrant changes)."
+    frontmatter:
+      oneOf:
+        - properties:
+            $status: { const: "ready" }
+            plan: { type: string }
+            repoPath: { type: string }
+          required: [$status, plan, repoPath]
+        - properties:
+            $status: { const: "no_action" }
+            reason: { type: string }
+          required: [$status, reason]
+  developer:
+    description: "Applies the proposed workflow edits"
+    goal: "You are a developer agent. You apply workflow YAML edits and update related tests."
+    capabilities:
+      - coding
+    procedure: |
+      IMPORTANT: Always work in a git worktree, NEVER modify the main working directory directly.
+      The workflow definitions live in THIS repo (the workflow engine), not the repo that was analyzed.
+
+      Before starting any work, set up an isolated worktree:
+      1. Use `git rev-parse --show-toplevel` to find the repo root (do NOT use repoPath from proposer — that's the analyzed repo)
+      2. `git fetch origin` to get latest refs
+      3. `git worktree add .worktrees/retrospect/<short-slug> -b retrospect/<short-slug> origin/main`
+      4. `cd .worktrees/retrospect/<short-slug> && bun install`
+      5. ALL subsequent work must happen inside the worktree directory.
+
+      Then apply changes:
+      6. Read the change plan from CAS: `uwf cas get <plan hash>`
+      7. Apply each edit from the plan to the workflow YAML
+      8. Update or add tests as specified in the plan
+      9. Run `bun run build` and `bun test` to verify
+      10. Run `bun run check` for lint
+      11. Commit with message: `improve: <workflow-name> — <brief summary>`
+    output: "List all files changed and provide a summary. Set $status to done (with branch/worktree), or failed (with reason)."
+    frontmatter:
+      oneOf:
+        - properties:
+            $status: { const: "done" }
+            branch: { type: string }
+            worktree: { type: string }
+          required: [$status, branch, worktree]
+        - properties:
+            $status: { const: "failed" }
+            reason: { type: string }
+          required: [$status, reason]
+  reviewer:
+    description: "Reviews the workflow edits for correctness"
+    goal: "You are a reviewer. You verify that workflow edits are minimal, correct, and actually address the findings."
+    capabilities:
+      - code-review
+    procedure: |
+      The worktree path is provided in your task prompt. cd into it first.
+
+      Review criteria:
+      1. Each edit must trace back to a specific finding — no drive-by changes
+      2. Edits should be minimal — don't rewrite working procedures
+      3. New pitfall notes or instructions must be clear and actionable
+      4. Tests must be updated if assertions changed
+      5. `bun run build` and `bun test` must pass
+      6. `bunx biome check` must pass
+
+      IMPORTANT: `tea pr create` must run from the MAIN repo directory (not a worktree), because tea cannot detect the repo from worktree `.git` files.
+    output: "Explain your decision. Set $status to approved (with branch/worktree) or rejected (with comments)."
+    frontmatter:
+      oneOf:
+        - properties:
+            $status: { const: "approved" }
+            branch: { type: string }
+            worktree: { type: string }
+          required: [$status, branch, worktree]
+        - properties:
+            $status: { const: "rejected" }
+            comments: { type: string }
+            worktree: { type: string }
+          required: [$status, comments, worktree]
+  committer:
+    description: "Commits and creates PR"
+    goal: "You are a committer agent. You create a clean commit and push a PR."
+    capabilities: []
+    procedure: |
+      The worktree path, branch name, and repo info are provided in your task prompt.
+      cd into the worktree first.
+
+      Note: You inherit the developer's worktree and branch. Do NOT create a new branch.
+      1. Stage all changes: `git add -A`
+      2. Commit with a descriptive message: `git commit -m "improve: <workflow> — <summary>"`
+      3. Push the branch: `git push -u origin <branch-name>`
+         - If push hook fails: capture the error log in your output, mark hook_failed
+      4. On push success: create a PR via `tea pr create --title "..." --description "..."`
+         - IMPORTANT: `tea pr create` must run from the MAIN repo directory (not a worktree), because tea cannot detect the repo from worktree `.git` files. cd to the repo root first.
+         - Do NOT pass `--repo` — let tea auto-detect from the main repo's git remote.
+         - PR description must include: What / Why / Findings / Changes sections
+         - On tea failure: capture stderr/stdout, include PR details for manual creation, mark hook_failed
+      5. After PR creation, clean up the worktree:
+         - cd to the repo root (parent of .worktrees)
+         - `git worktree remove <worktree-path>`
+    output: "Include PR URL on success or error log on failure. Set $status to committed (with prUrl) or hook_failed (with error)."
+    frontmatter:
+      oneOf:
+        - properties:
+            $status: { const: "committed" }
+            prUrl: { type: string }
+          required: [$status, prUrl]
+        - properties:
+            $status: { const: "hook_failed" }
+            error: { type: string }
+          required: [$status, error]
+graph:
+  $START:
+    _: { role: "analyst", prompt: "Analyze completed thread {{{threadId}}} for execution anomalies." }
+  analyst:
+    clean: { role: "$END", prompt: "No issues found. Thread executed cleanly." }
+    findings: { role: "proposer", prompt: "Findings report: {{{report}}}. Target workflow: {{{targetWorkflow}}}. Propose minimal edits." }
+    wrong_project: { role: "$END", prompt: "Thread uses workflow '{{{workflowName}}}' which does not exist in this project. Run retrospect from the correct repo." }
+  proposer:
+    no_action: { role: "$END", prompt: "No actionable changes needed: {{{reason}}}." }
+    ready: { role: "developer", prompt: "Apply the change plan (CAS hash: {{{plan}}}) to the workflow definitions in this repo." }
+  developer:
+    done: { role: "reviewer", prompt: "Review workflow edits on branch {{{branch}}} at {{{worktree}}}." }
+    failed: { role: "$END", prompt: "Developer failed: {{{reason}}}. Ending workflow." }
+  reviewer:
+    rejected: { role: "developer", prompt: "Reviewer rejected: {{{comments}}}. Fix the issues in {{{worktree}}}." }
+    approved: { role: "committer", prompt: "Approved. Commit and push branch {{{branch}}} from {{{worktree}}}." }
+  committer:
+    hook_failed: { role: "developer", prompt: "Push hook failed: {{{error}}}. Fix and re-submit." }
+    committed: { role: "$END", prompt: "PR created: {{{prUrl}}}. Workflow improved." }

.workflows/solve-issue.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+name: "solve-issue"
+description: "TDD-driven issue resolution for small, focused changes. Loop protection relies on engine maxRounds."
+roles:
+  planner:
+    description: "Analyzes issue and outputs a TDD test spec"
+    goal: "You are a planning agent. You analyze Gitea issues and produce a TDD test specification that downstream roles will implement and verify."
+    capabilities:
+      - issue-analysis
+      - planning
+    procedure: |
+      On first run (no previous steps):
+      1. Read the issue and all comments from Gitea using `tea issues <number> -r <owner/repo>`
+      2. Look for project conventions files (CLAUDE.md, CONTRIBUTING.md, .cursor/rules/) in the repo
+      3. Assess whether the issue has enough information to produce a test spec
+      4. If insufficient info: comment on the issue via `echo "..." | tea comment <number> -r <owner/repo>` (skip if you already commented), then output $status=insufficient_info
+      5. If sufficient: produce a detailed TDD test spec in markdown covering all scenarios
+
+      On subsequent runs (bounced back by tester with fix_spec):
+      1. Read the tester's output from the previous step to understand what's wrong with the spec
+      2. Revise the test spec accordingly
+
+      After producing the test spec:
+      1. Store it via `uwf cas put-text "<markdown content>"` and capture the returned hash
+      2. Put the hash in frontmatter.plan (required when $status=ready)
+      3. Set repoPath to the absolute path of the repository root
+    output: "Output a brief summary of the test spec. Set $status to ready (with plan hash and repoPath) or insufficient_info."
+    frontmatter:
+      oneOf:
+        - properties:
+            $status: { const: "ready" }
+            plan: { type: string }
+            repoPath: { type: string }
+          required: [$status, plan, repoPath]
+        - properties:
+            $status: { const: "insufficient_info" }
+          required: [$status]
+  developer:
+    description: "TDD implementation per test spec"
+    goal: "You are a developer agent. You implement code changes following TDD — write tests first, then implementation."
+    capabilities:
+      - coding
+    procedure: |
+      IMPORTANT: Always work in a git worktree, NEVER modify the main working directory directly.
+      The repo path and other details are provided in your task prompt.
+
+      Before starting any work, set up an isolated worktree:
+      1. cd into the repo path provided in your task prompt
+      2. `git fetch origin` to get latest refs
+      3. First time (no existing branch):
+         - `git worktree add .worktrees/fix/<issue-number>-<short-slug> -b fix/<issue-number>-<short-slug> origin/main`
+         - `cd .worktrees/fix/<issue-number>-<short-slug> && bun install`
+      4. If bounced back from reviewer or tester (branch already exists):
+         - cd into the existing worktree under `.worktrees/fix/<issue-number>-<short-slug>`
+         - `git fetch origin && git rebase origin/main`
+      5. ALL subsequent work must happen inside the worktree directory.
+
+      Then implement TDD:
+      6. Read the test spec from CAS: `uwf cas get <plan hash>` (find the hash from the planner's output in your task prompt)
+      7. If bounced back from reviewer or tester: read the previous role's feedback in your task prompt
+      8. Write tests first based on the spec
+      9. Implement the code to make tests pass
+      10. Ensure `bun run build` passes with no errors
+      11. Run `bun test` to verify all tests pass
+
+      If you cannot complete the implementation (e.g. the issue is too complex, blocked by external factors,
+      or repeated attempts fail), set $status=failed with a reason.
+    output: "List all files changed and provide a summary. Set $status to done (with branch/worktree), or failed (with reason)."
+    frontmatter:
+      oneOf:
+        - properties:
+            $status: { const: "done" }
+            branch: { type: string }
+            worktree: { type: string }
+          required: [$status, branch, worktree]
+        - properties:
+            $status: { const: "failed" }
+            reason: { type: string }
+          required: [$status, reason]
+  reviewer:
+    description: "Code standards compliance check"
+    goal: "You are a code reviewer. You verify code standards compliance — NOT functionality (that's the tester's job)."
+    capabilities:
+      - code-review
+      - static-analysis
+    procedure: |
+      The worktree path is provided in your task prompt. cd into it first.
+
+      Before reviewing, verify the git branch:
+      1. Run `git branch --show-current` — confirm the branch name references the issue number being worked on
+      2. If the branch doesn't correspond to the issue, flag it in your output and reject
+
+      Then perform code review:
+      Hard checks (must all pass):
+      3. `bun run build` — no build errors
+      4. `bunx biome check` — no lint violations
+      5. TypeScript strict mode — no type errors
+
+      Soft checks (review against project conventions if CLAUDE.md / .cursor/rules exist):
+      - Naming conventions, module boundaries, code style
+      - No `console.log` in production code
+      - No dynamic imports in production code
+
+      Only review standards compliance. Do NOT test functionality.
+      If rejecting, you MUST explain the specific reason in your output.
+    output: "Explain your decision with specific file/line references. Set $status to approved (with branch/worktree) or rejected (with comments)."
+    frontmatter:
+      oneOf:
+        - properties:
+            $status: { const: "approved" }
+            branch: { type: string }
+            worktree: { type: string }
+          required: [$status, branch, worktree]
+        - properties:
+            $status: { const: "rejected" }
+            comments: { type: string }
+            worktree: { type: string }
+          required: [$status, comments, worktree]
+  tester:
+    description: "Functional correctness verification"
+    goal: "You are a tester agent. You verify that the implementation correctly satisfies every scenario in the test spec."
+    capabilities:
+      - testing
+    procedure: |
+      The worktree path is provided in your task prompt. cd into it first.
+
+      1. Run `bun test` for automated test verification
+      2. Read the test spec from CAS: `uwf cas get <plan hash>` (find the hash from the planner step in the thread history)
+      3. Verify each scenario in the spec is covered and passing
+      4. Determine outcome:
+         - passed: all scenarios verified, tests pass
+         - fix_code: tests fail or implementation doesn't match spec → send back to developer
+         - fix_spec: the spec itself is wrong or incomplete → send back to planner
+    output: "Report test results per scenario. Set $status to passed (with branch/worktree), fix_code (with report), or fix_spec (with report)."
+    frontmatter:
+      oneOf:
+        - properties:
+            $status: { const: "passed" }
+            branch: { type: string }
+            worktree: { type: string }
+          required: [$status, branch, worktree]
+        - properties:
+            $status: { const: "fix_code" }
+            report: { type: string }
+          required: [$status, report]
+        - properties:
+            $status: { const: "fix_spec" }
+            report: { type: string }
+          required: [$status, report]
+  committer:
+    description: "Commits and creates PR"
+    goal: "You are a committer agent. You create a clean commit and push a PR linking the original issue."
+    capabilities: []
+    procedure: |
+      The worktree path, branch name, and repo info are provided in your task prompt.
+      cd into the worktree first.
+
+      Note: You inherit the developer's worktree and branch. Do NOT create a new branch.
+      1. Stage all changes: `git add -A`
+      2. Commit with a descriptive message referencing the issue: `git commit -m "type: description\n\nFixes #N"`
+      3. Push the branch: `git push -u origin <branch-name>`
+         - If push hook fails: capture the error log in your output, mark hook_failed
+      4. On push success: create a PR via `tea pr create --repo <owner/repo> --title "..." --description "..."`
+         - Extract owner/repo from: `git remote get-url origin | sed 's/.*[:/]\([^/]*\/[^.]*\).*/\1/'`
+         - PR description must include: What / Why / Changes / Ref sections, with `Fixes #N` in Ref
+         - On tea failure: capture stderr/stdout, include PR details for manual creation, mark hook_failed
+      5. After PR creation, clean up the worktree:
+         - cd to the repo root (parent of .worktrees)
+         - `git worktree remove <worktree-path>`
+    output: "Include PR URL on success or error log on failure. Set $status to committed (with prUrl) or hook_failed (with error)."
+    frontmatter:
+      oneOf:
+        - properties:
+            $status: { const: "committed" }
+            prUrl: { type: string }
+          required: [$status, prUrl]
+        - properties:
+            $status: { const: "hook_failed" }
+            error: { type: string }
+          required: [$status, error]
+graph:
+  $START:
+    _: { role: "planner", prompt: "Analyze the issue and produce an implementation plan." }
+  planner:
+    insufficient_info: { role: "$END", prompt: "Insufficient information to proceed; end the workflow." }
+    ready: { role: "developer", prompt: "Implement the TDD test spec (CAS hash: {{{plan}}}) in repo {{{repoPath}}}." }
+  developer:
+    done: { role: "reviewer", prompt: "Review branch {{{branch}}} at {{{worktree}}} for code standards compliance." }
+    failed: { role: "$END", prompt: "Developer failed: {{{reason}}}. Ending workflow." }
+  reviewer:
+    rejected: { role: "developer", prompt: "Reviewer rejected: {{{comments}}}. Fix the issues in repo {{{worktree}}}." }
+    approved: { role: "tester", prompt: "Review passed. Run tests on branch {{{branch}}} at {{{worktree}}}." }
+  tester:
+    fix_code: { role: "developer", prompt: "Tests found code issues: {{{report}}}. Fix and re-submit." }
+    fix_spec: { role: "planner", prompt: "Tests found spec issues: {{{report}}}. Revise the test spec." }
+    passed: { role: "committer", prompt: "All tests passed. Commit and push branch {{{branch}}} from {{{worktree}}}." }
+  committer:
+    hook_failed: { role: "developer", prompt: "Push hook failed: {{{error}}}. Fix and re-submit." }
+    committed: { role: "$END", prompt: "PR created: {{{prUrl}}}. Workflow complete." }

CLAUDE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# CLAUDE.md — json-cas
+
+Self-describing content-addressable storage with JSON Schema typed nodes.
+
+## Project Structure
+
+Monorepo with 4 packages under `packages/`:
+
+| Package | Description |
+|---------|-------------|
+| `json-cas` | Core CAS engine — hashing, schema, store, verify, bootstrap |
+| `json-cas-fs` | Filesystem-backed CAS store |
+| `cli-json-cas` | CLI tool |
+
+## Tech Stack
+
+- **Runtime:** Bun
+- **Language:** TypeScript (strict mode, `exactOptionalPropertyTypes`, `noUncheckedIndexedAccess`)
+- **Build:** `tsc --build` (composite project references)
+- **Test:** `bun test`
+- **Lint/Format:** Biome (`biome check .` / `biome format --write .`)
+- **Publish:** Changesets → npmjs (`@uncaged/*`)
+
+## Commands
+
+```bash
+bun test          # Run all tests
+bun run build     # Build all packages
+bun run check     # Biome lint
+bun run format    # Biome format (auto-fix)
+```
+
+## Code Conventions
+
+### TypeScript
+
+- **Strict mode** — no `any`, no unchecked index access, no implicit overrides
+- **`verbatimModuleSyntax`** — use `import type` for type-only imports
+- **Import paths** — use `.js` extension in imports (ESM convention with bundler resolution)
+- **Export style** — named exports only, re-export from `index.ts`
+
+### Biome Rules
+
+- `noConsole: "error"` globally (except `cli-json-cas`)
+- Recommended ruleset enabled
+- Auto-organize imports via `assist.actions.source.organizeImports`
+- Indent: 2 spaces
+
+### Naming
+
+- Types: `PascalCase` (`CasNode`, `Hash`, `Store`)
+- Functions: `camelCase` (`computeHash`, `createMemoryStore`)
+- Constants: `UPPER_SNAKE_CASE` (`BOOTSTRAP_STORE`)
+- Files: `kebab-case.ts`
+- Test files: co-located as `*.test.ts`
+
+### Key Types
+
+- `Hash` — 13-character uppercase Crockford Base32 string (XXH64)
+- `CasNode` — content-addressed node with schema
+- `Store` — abstract storage interface (get/put)
+
+## Git
+
+- Commit format: `type: description` (conventional commits)
+- Reference issues: `Fixes #N` / `Closes #N`
+- Author: `小橘 <xiaoju@shazhou.work>`
+
+## Project Rules
+
+- [docs/sync-readme.md](docs/sync-readme.md) — README sync conventions
+
+## Before Submitting
+
+1. `bun test` — all tests pass
+2. `bun run check` — no lint errors
+3. `bun run build` — builds cleanly

README.md

@@ -1,3 +1,135 @@
 # json-cas
 
-Self-describing content-addressable storage with JSON Schema typed nodes
+Self-describing content-addressable storage with JSON Schema typed nodes.
+
+## Overview
+
+json-cas is a monorepo for storing and validating JSON data in a content-addressable store (CAS). Each node has a typed payload: its `type` field is the hash of a JSON Schema node that describes the payload shape. Hashes are 13-character Crockford Base32 strings derived from XXH64 over deterministic CBOR encoding.
+
+A bootstrap meta-schema is stored as a self-referencing seed node (`type === hash`). All other schemas are registered as nodes typed by that meta-schema. Payloads can reference other nodes via `format: "cas_ref"` fields; the library provides traversal, reference extraction, and integrity verification.
+
+Use the in-memory store for tests and embedded apps, the filesystem store for persistence, and the CLI for local store management.
+
+## Architecture
+
+```
+     ┌─────────────────┐
+     │  cli-json-cas   │
+     └────────┬────────┘
+              │
+              ▼
+     ┌─────────────────┐
+     │  json-cas-fs    │
+     └────────┬────────┘
+              │
+              ▼
+     ┌─────────────────┐
+     │    json-cas     │  (core)
+     └─────────────────┘
+```
+
+| Layer | Package | Role |
+|-------|---------|------|
+| Core | `@uncaged/json-cas` | Hashing, schemas, stores, verify, bootstrap |
+| Storage | `@uncaged/json-cas-fs` | Filesystem-backed `Store` |
+| CLI | `@uncaged/cli-json-cas` | `json-cas` command-line tool |
+
+## Packages
+
+| Package | Description | Type |
+|---------|-------------|------|
+| [`@uncaged/json-cas`](packages/json-cas/README.md) | Core CAS engine — hashing, schema, store, verify, bootstrap | lib |
+| [`@uncaged/json-cas-fs`](packages/json-cas-fs/README.md) | Filesystem-backed CAS store | lib |
+| [`@uncaged/cli-json-cas`](packages/cli-json-cas/README.md) | CLI tool (`json-cas` binary) | cli |
+
+## Quick Start
+
+```bash
+git clone <repo-url>
+cd json-cas
+bun install --no-cache
+bun run build
+```
+
+```typescript
+import {
+  bootstrap,
+  createMemoryStore,
+  putSchema,
+  validate,
+} from "@uncaged/json-cas";
+
+const store = createMemoryStore();
+await bootstrap(store);
+
+const typeHash = await putSchema(store, {
+  type: "object",
+  properties: { message: { type: "string" } },
+  required: ["message"],
+  additionalProperties: false,
+});
+
+const hash = await store.put(typeHash, { message: "hello" });
+const node = store.get(hash);
+console.log(validate(store, node!)); // true
+```
+
+For a persistent store:
+
+```typescript
+import { createFsStore } from "@uncaged/json-cas-fs";
+import { bootstrap } from "@uncaged/json-cas";
+
+const store = createFsStore("/path/to/store");
+await bootstrap(store);
+```
+
+Or use the CLI (see [CLI Reference](#cli-reference) and [`packages/cli-json-cas/README.md`](packages/cli-json-cas/README.md)).
+
+## CLI Reference
+
+Binary: `json-cas` (from `@uncaged/cli-json-cas`). Default store: `~/.uncaged/json-cas`.
+
+```
+Usage: json-cas [--store <path>] [--json] <command> [args]
+
+Commands:
+  init                              Create store dir and write bootstrap seed
+  bootstrap                         Write meta-schema seed, print hash
+  schema put <file.json>            Register schema, print type hash
+  schema get <type-hash>            Print schema JSON
+  schema list                       List all schemas (name + hash)
+  schema validate <hash>            Validate node against its schema
+  put <type-hash> <file.json>       Store node, print hash
+  get <hash>                        Print node as JSON
+  has <hash>                        Print true/false
+  verify <hash>                     Verify integrity, print ok/corrupted
+  refs <hash>                       List direct cas_ref edges
+  walk <hash> [--format tree]       Recursive traversal
+  hash <type-hash> <file.json>      Compute hash without storing (dry run)
+  cat <hash> [--payload]            Output node (--payload for payload only)
+
+Flags:
+  --store <path>   Store directory (default: ~/.uncaged/json-cas)
+  --json           Compact JSON output
+```
+
+## Development
+
+```bash
+bun install --no-cache   # install workspace dependencies
+bun run build            # tsc --build (libs)
+bun run check            # biome check
+bun run format           # biome format --write
+bun test                 # run all package tests
+```
+
+## Publishing
+
+Releases use [Changesets](https://github.com/changesets/changesets). From the repo root:
+
+```bash
+bun run release   # changeset version → build → publish to npm (@uncaged/*)
+```
+
+Individual packages block `prepublishOnly` and expect releases via the workspace `release` script.

bun.lock

@@ -10,11 +10,12 @@
         "@changesets/cli": "^2.31.0",
         "bun-types": "^1.3.14",
         "typescript": "^5.8.0",
+        "ulidx": "^2.4.1",
       },
     },
     "packages/cli-json-cas": {
       "name": "@uncaged/cli-json-cas",
-      "version": "0.1.0",
+      "version": "0.5.3",
       "bin": {
         "json-cas": "./src/index.ts",
       },
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@
     },
     "packages/json-cas": {
       "name": "@uncaged/json-cas",
-      "version": "0.1.0",
+      "version": "0.5.3",
       "dependencies": {
         "ajv": "^8.20.0",
         "cborg": "^4.2.3",
@@ -34,19 +35,12 @@
     },
     "packages/json-cas-fs": {
       "name": "@uncaged/json-cas-fs",
-      "version": "0.1.0",
+      "version": "0.5.3",
       "dependencies": {
         "@uncaged/json-cas": "workspace:^",
         "cborg": "^4.2.3",
       },
     },
-    "packages/json-cas-workflow": {
-      "name": "@uncaged/json-cas-workflow",
-      "version": "0.1.0",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@uncaged/json-cas": "workspace:^",
-      },
-    },
   },
   "packages": {
     "@babel/runtime": ["@babel/runtime@7.29.2", "", {}, "sha512-JiDShH45zKHWyGe4ZNVRrCjBz8Nh9TMmZG1kh4QTK8hCBTWBi8Da+i7s1fJw7/lYpM4ccepSNfqzZ/QvABBi5g=="],
@@ -127,8 +121,6 @@
 
     "@uncaged/json-cas-fs": ["@uncaged/json-cas-fs@workspace:packages/json-cas-fs"],
 
-    "@uncaged/json-cas-workflow": ["@uncaged/json-cas-workflow@workspace:packages/json-cas-workflow"],
-
     "ajv": ["ajv@8.20.0", "", { "dependencies": { "fast-deep-equal": "^3.1.3", "fast-uri": "^3.0.1", "json-schema-traverse": "^1.0.0", "require-from-string": "^2.0.2" } }, "sha512-Thbli+OlOj+iMPYFBVBfJ3OmCAnaSyNn4M1vz9T6Gka5Jt9ba/HIR56joy65tY6kx/FCF5VXNB819Y7/GUrBGA=="],
 
     "ansi-colors": ["ansi-colors@4.1.3", "", {}, "sha512-/6w/C21Pm1A7aZitlI5Ni/2J6FFQN8i1Cvz3kHABAAbw93v/NlvKdVOqz7CCWz/3iv/JplRSEEZ83XION15ovw=="],
@@ -209,6 +201,8 @@
 
     "jsonfile": ["jsonfile@4.0.0", "", { "optionalDependencies": { "graceful-fs": "^4.1.6" } }, "sha512-m6F1R3z8jjlf2imQHS2Qez5sjKWQzbuuhuJ/FKYFRZvPE3PuHcSMVZzfsLhGVOkfd20obL5SWEBew5ShlquNxg=="],
 
+    "layerr": ["layerr@3.0.0", "", {}, "sha512-tv754Ki2dXpPVApOrjTyRo4/QegVb9eVFq4mjqp4+NM5NaX7syQvN5BBNfV/ZpAHCEHV24XdUVrBAoka4jt3pA=="],
+
     "locate-path": ["locate-path@5.0.0", "", { "dependencies": { "p-locate": "^4.1.0" } }, "sha512-t7hw9pI+WvuwNJXwk5zVHpyhIqzg2qTlklJOf0mVxGSbe3Fp2VieZcduNYjaLDoy6p9uGpQEGWG87WpMKlNq8g=="],
 
     "lodash.startcase": ["lodash.startcase@4.4.0", "", {}, "sha512-+WKqsK294HMSc2jEbNgpHpd0JfIBhp7rEV4aqXWqFr6AlXov+SlcgB1Fv01y2kGe3Gc8nMW7VA0SrGuSkRfIEg=="],
@@ -291,6 +285,8 @@
 
     "typescript": ["typescript@5.9.3", "", { "bin": { "tsc": "bin/tsc", "tsserver": "bin/tsserver" } }, "sha512-jl1vZzPDinLr9eUt3J/t7V6FgNEw9QjvBPdysz9KfQDD41fQrC2Y4vKQdiaUpFT4bXlb1RHhLpp8wtm6M5TgSw=="],
 
+    "ulidx": ["ulidx@2.4.1", "", { "dependencies": { "layerr": "^3.0.0" } }, "sha512-xY7c8LPyzvhvew0Fn+Ek3wBC9STZAuDI/Y5andCKi9AX6/jvfaX45PhsDX8oxgPL0YFp0Jhr8qWMbS/p9375Xg=="],
+
     "undici-types": ["undici-types@7.24.6", "", {}, "sha512-WRNW+sJgj5OBN4/0JpHFqtqzhpbnV0GuB+OozA9gCL7a993SmU+1JBZCzLNxYsbMfIeDL+lTsphD5jN5N+n0zg=="],
 
     "universalify": ["universalify@0.1.2", "", {}, "sha512-rBJeI5CXAlmy1pV+617WB9J63U6XcazHHF2f2dbJix4XzpUF0RS3Zbj0FGIOCAva5P/d/GBOYaACQ1w+0azUkg=="],

docs/sync-readme.md

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+# Sync README
+
+When updating README.md files in this monorepo, follow these conventions.
+
+## Scope
+
+- Root `README.md` — project overview and navigation hub
+- Per-package `packages/*/README.md` — each package self-contained
+
+## Root README Structure
+
+The root README should have these sections in order:
+
+1. **Title and one-liner** — content-addressed storage for JSON with schema validation
+2. **Overview** — 2-3 paragraphs explaining what it does and key concepts
+3. **Architecture** — dependency layer diagram (text-based)
+4. **Packages** — table with ALL packages from packages/ directory, columns: Package, Description, Type (cli/lib)
+5. **Quick Start** — install, build, basic usage
+6. **CLI Reference** — brief command list, detailed usage in cli-json-cas README
+7. **Development** — bun install / build / check / test
+8. **Publishing** — changeset workflow (bun run release)
+
+## Per-Package README Structure
+
+Each package README should have:
+
+1. **Title** — package name
+2. **One-line description** — matching package.json
+3. **Overview** — what it does, where it sits in the architecture, dependencies
+4. **Installation** — bun add (for libs) or "included as binary" (for cli)
+5. **API** (lib packages) — all exports from src/index.ts with type signatures, grouped by category, minimal usage examples
+6. **CLI Usage** (cli packages) — command reference with examples
+7. **Internal Structure** — brief src/ file organization
+8. **Configuration** (if applicable)
+
+## Execution Steps
+
+### Step 1: Gather current state
+For each package read:
+- package.json (name, version, description, dependencies, bin)
+- src/index.ts (public API exports)
+- Existing README.md (preserve hand-written content worth keeping)
+
+### Step 2: Update root README
+- Ensure ALL packages in packages/ directory are listed in the table
+- Update CLI command reference from actual --help output
+- Keep Quick Start examples valid
+
+### Step 3: Write/update each package README
+- Follow the per-package structure
+- API section MUST match actual src/index.ts exports — never invent
+- For cli packages: document CLI binary name, how it is invoked
+- For lib packages: document exported types and functions
+- Internal structure: list actual files in src/
+
+### Step 4: Verify
+- All relative links work
+- Package names match package.json
+- No references to removed/renamed packages
+- bun run build still passes
+
+## Guidelines
+
+- Only document what src/index.ts actually exports
+- Root README summarizes, package READMEs go into detail
+- Verify CLI examples against actual commands
+- Preserve existing good prose when updating
+- English for all README content

package.json

@@ -9,11 +9,14 @@
     "@changesets/changelog-github": "^0.7.0",
     "@changesets/cli": "^2.31.0",
     "bun-types": "^1.3.14",
-    "typescript": "^5.8.0"
+    "typescript": "^5.8.0",
+    "ulidx": "^2.4.1"
   },
   "scripts": {
+    "build": "tsc --build packages/json-cas packages/json-cas-fs",
     "test": "bun test",
     "check": "biome check .",
-    "format": "biome format --write ."
+    "format": "biome format --write .",
+    "release": "changeset version && bun run build && changeset publish"
   }
 }

packages/cli-json-cas/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# @uncaged/cli-json-cas
+
+## 0.5.3
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies []:
+  - @uncaged/json-cas@0.5.3
+  - @uncaged/json-cas-fs@0.5.3
+
+## 0.3.0
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies []:
+  - @uncaged/json-cas@0.3.0
+  - @uncaged/json-cas-fs@0.3.0
+
+## 0.2.0
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies []:
+  - @uncaged/json-cas@0.2.0
+  - @uncaged/json-cas-fs@0.2.0
+
+## 0.1.3
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- fix: replace workspace:^ with actual version numbers in published dependencies
+
+- Updated dependencies []:
+  - @uncaged/json-cas@0.1.3
+  - @uncaged/json-cas-fs@0.1.3

packages/cli-json-cas/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+# @uncaged/cli-json-cas
+
+CLI tool for json-cas stores.
+
+## Overview
+
+`@uncaged/cli-json-cas` provides the `json-cas` command for managing a filesystem-backed store: bootstrap, schema registration, node CRUD, integrity checks, reference listing, and graph walks. It uses `@uncaged/json-cas-fs` for persistence and `@uncaged/json-cas` for core operations.
+
+**Dependencies:** `@uncaged/json-cas`, `@uncaged/json-cas-fs`
+
+## Installation
+
+Published as an npm package with a binary entry:
+
+```bash
+bun add -g @uncaged/cli-json-cas
+# or from the monorepo workspace:
+bun link
+```
+
+**Binary name:** `json-cas` (points to `src/index.ts`, run with Bun).
+
+In development:
+
+```bash
+bun packages/cli-json-cas/src/index.ts <command> [args]
+```
+
+## CLI Usage
+
+```
+Usage: json-cas [--store <path>] [--json] <command> [args]
+```
+
+### Global flags
+
+| Flag | Description |
+|------|-------------|
+| `--store <path>` | Store directory (default: `~/.uncaged/json-cas`) |
+| `--json` | Compact JSON output for commands that print JSON |
+
+### Commands
+
+| Command | Description |
+|---------|-------------|
+| `init` | Create store directory and write bootstrap seed; prints meta hash |
+| `bootstrap` | Write meta-schema seed into existing store; prints hash |
+| `schema put <file.json>` | Register schema from file; prints type hash |
+| `schema get <type-hash>` | Print schema JSON |
+| `schema list` | List all schemas (`hash  name`) |
+| `schema validate <hash>` | Validate node against its schema; prints `valid` / `invalid` |
+| `put <type-hash> <file.json>` | Store node; prints content hash |
+| `get <hash>` | Print full node as JSON |
+| `has <hash>` | Print `true` or `false` |
+| `verify <hash>` | Verify integrity; prints `ok` or `corrupted` |
+| `refs <hash>` | Print direct `cas_ref` targets (one per line) |
+| `walk <hash>` | BFS traversal; one hash per line |
+| `walk <hash> --format tree` | Tree-formatted traversal |
+| `hash <type-hash> <file.json>` | Compute hash without storing |
+| `cat <hash>` | Print node JSON |
+| `cat <hash> --payload` | Print payload only |
+
+### Examples
+
+```bash
+# Initialize default store at ~/.uncaged/json-cas
+json-cas init
+
+# Use a custom store path
+json-cas --store ./data/cas bootstrap
+
+# Register a schema and store a payload
+json-cas schema put ./schemas/item.json
+# → prints type hash, e.g. 0123456789ABCD
+
+json-cas put 0123456789ABCD ./payloads/item.json
+# → prints content hash
+
+json-cas get <content-hash> --json
+json-cas verify <content-hash>
+json-cas walk <content-hash> --format tree
+```
+
+## Internal Structure
+
+| File | Purpose |
+|------|---------|
+| `index.ts` | Argument parsing, command dispatch, and all CLI logic |
+
+There is no separate `src/` module tree; the CLI is a single entry file. Tests (if present) are co-located under the package.
+
+## Configuration
+
+| Setting | Default | Override |
+|---------|---------|----------|
+| Store directory | `~/.uncaged/json-cas` | `--store <path>` |
+
+No config file is read; all behavior is controlled via flags and command arguments.

packages/cli-json-cas/package.json

@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
 {
   "name": "@uncaged/cli-json-cas",
-"version": "0.1.1",
+  "version": "0.5.3",
   "type": "module",
   "bin": {
-    "json-cas": "./src/index.ts"
+    "json-cas": "./src/index.ts",
+    "ucas": "./src/index.ts"
   },
   "scripts": {
-    "test": "bun test"
+    "test": "bun test",
+    "prepublishOnly": "echo '请用 bun run release 从根目录发版' && exit 1"
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@uncaged/json-cas": "workspace:^",
-    "@uncaged/json-cas-fs": "workspace:^"
+    "@uncaged/json-cas": "^0.5.3",
+    "@uncaged/json-cas-fs": "^0.5.3"
   }
 }

packages/cli-json-cas/src/cli.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
+import { mkdirSync, mkdtempSync, rmSync, writeFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
+import { join, resolve } from "node:path";
+
+const pkgPath = resolve(import.meta.dir, "../package.json");
+const entrypoint = resolve(import.meta.dir, "index.ts");
+
+async function runCli(
+  args: string[],
+  storePath?: string,
+): Promise<{ stdout: string; stderr: string; exitCode: number }> {
+  const finalArgs = storePath
+    ? ["bun", entrypoint, "--store", storePath, ...args]
+    : ["bun", entrypoint, ...args];
+  const proc = Bun.spawn(finalArgs, {
+    stdout: "pipe",
+    stderr: "pipe",
+  });
+  const exitCode = await proc.exited;
+  const stdout = await new Response(proc.stdout).text();
+  const stderr = await new Response(proc.stderr).text();
+  return { stdout, stderr, exitCode };
+}
+
+describe("ucas command alias", () => {
+  test("T1: ucas bin entry exists in package.json", async () => {
+    const pkg = await Bun.file(pkgPath).json();
+    expect(pkg.bin.ucas).toBe("./src/index.ts");
+  });
+
+  test("T2: json-cas bin entry is preserved in package.json", async () => {
+    const pkg = await Bun.file(pkgPath).json();
+    expect(pkg.bin["json-cas"]).toBe("./src/index.ts");
+  });
+
+  test("T3: ucas command is executable and shows help", async () => {
+    const proc = Bun.spawn(["bun", entrypoint, "--help"], {
+      stdout: "pipe",
+      stderr: "pipe",
+    });
+    const exitCode = await proc.exited;
+    const stdout = await new Response(proc.stdout).text();
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+    expect(stdout.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  });
+
+  test("T4: both commands point to the same entrypoint", async () => {
+    const pkg = await Bun.file(pkgPath).json();
+    expect(pkg.bin.ucas).toBe(pkg.bin["json-cas"]);
+  });
+});
+
+// ---- @ Alias Resolution Tests ----
+
+let testDir: string;
+let storePath: string;
+let cliPath: string;
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  // Create unique temp directory for each test
+  testDir = join(
+    tmpdir(),
+    `json-cas-cli-test-${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2)}`,
+  );
+  storePath = join(testDir, "store");
+  cliPath = join(import.meta.dir, "index.ts");
+
+  mkdirSync(testDir, { recursive: true });
+  mkdirSync(storePath, { recursive: true });
+});
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  // Clean up test directory
+  try {
+    rmSync(testDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  } catch {
+    // Ignore cleanup errors
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * Run CLI command and return stdout, stderr, and exit code
+ */
+async function runCliAlias(...args: string[]): Promise<{
+  stdout: string;
+  stderr: string;
+  exitCode: number;
+}> {
+  const proc = Bun.spawn(
+    ["bun", "run", cliPath, "--store", storePath, ...args],
+    {
+      stdout: "pipe",
+      stderr: "pipe",
+    },
+  );
+
+  const [stdout, stderr] = await Promise.all([
+    new Response(proc.stdout).text(),
+    new Response(proc.stderr).text(),
+  ]);
+
+  await proc.exited;
+
+  return {
+    stdout: stdout.trim(),
+    stderr: stderr.trim(),
+    exitCode: proc.exitCode ?? 0,
+  };
+}
+
+describe("@ Alias Resolution - schema get", () => {
+  test("ucas schema get @string should work", async () => {
+    await runCliAlias("init"); // Initialize store
+
+    const { stdout, stderr, exitCode } = await runCliAlias(
+      "schema",
+      "get",
+      "@string",
+    );
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+    expect(stderr).toBe("");
+    const schema = JSON.parse(stdout);
+    expect(schema).toEqual({ type: "string" });
+  });
+
+  test("ucas schema get @number should work", async () => {
+    await runCliAlias("init");
+
+    const { stdout, exitCode } = await runCliAlias("schema", "get", "@number");
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+    const schema = JSON.parse(stdout);
+    expect(schema).toEqual({ type: "number" });
+  });
+
+  test("ucas schema get @object should work", async () => {
+    await runCliAlias("init");
+
+    const { stdout, exitCode } = await runCliAlias("schema", "get", "@object");
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+    const schema = JSON.parse(stdout);
+    expect(schema).toEqual({ type: "object" });
+  });
+
+  test("ucas schema get @array should work", async () => {
+    await runCliAlias("init");
+
+    const { stdout, exitCode } = await runCliAlias("schema", "get", "@array");
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+    const schema = JSON.parse(stdout);
+    expect(schema).toEqual({ type: "array" });
+  });
+
+  test("ucas schema get @bool should work", async () => {
+    await runCliAlias("init");
+
+    const { stdout, exitCode } = await runCliAlias("schema", "get", "@bool");
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+    const schema = JSON.parse(stdout);
+    expect(schema).toEqual({ type: "boolean" });
+  });
+
+  test("ucas schema get @schema should work", async () => {
+    await runCliAlias("init");
+
+    const { stdout, exitCode } = await runCliAlias("schema", "get", "@schema");
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+    const schema = JSON.parse(stdout);
+    expect(schema).toHaveProperty("type", "object");
+    expect(schema).toHaveProperty(
+      "description",
+      "json-cas JSON Schema meta-schema",
+    );
+  });
+
+  test("ucas schema get @invalid should fail gracefully", async () => {
+    await runCliAlias("init");
+
+    const { stderr, exitCode } = await runCliAlias("schema", "get", "@invalid");
+
+    expect(exitCode).not.toBe(0);
+    expect(stderr).toContain("Schema not found");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("@ Alias Resolution - put", () => {
+  test("ucas put @string <file> should resolve alias", async () => {
+    await runCliAlias("init");
+
+    const payloadFile = join(testDir, "payload.json");
+    writeFileSync(payloadFile, JSON.stringify("hello world"));
+
+    const { stdout, stderr, exitCode } = await runCliAlias(
+      "put",
+      "@string",
+      payloadFile,
+    );
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+    expect(stderr).toBe("");
+    // Should output a valid hash (13 chars)
+    expect(stdout).toMatch(/^[0-9A-HJKMNP-TV-Z]{13}$/);
+  });
+
+  test("ucas put @number <file> should resolve alias", async () => {
+    await runCliAlias("init");
+
+    const payloadFile = join(testDir, "payload.json");
+    writeFileSync(payloadFile, "42");
+
+    const { stdout, exitCode } = await runCliAlias(
+      "put",
+      "@number",
+      payloadFile,
+    );
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+    expect(stdout).toMatch(/^[0-9A-HJKMNP-TV-Z]{13}$/);
+  });
+
+  test("ucas put @object <file> should resolve alias", async () => {
+    await runCliAlias("init");
+
+    const payloadFile = join(testDir, "payload.json");
+    writeFileSync(payloadFile, JSON.stringify({ foo: "bar" }));
+
+    const { stdout, exitCode } = await runCliAlias(
+      "put",
+      "@object",
+      payloadFile,
+    );
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+    expect(stdout).toMatch(/^[0-9A-HJKMNP-TV-Z]{13}$/);
+  });
+
+  test("ucas put @invalid <file> should fail", async () => {
+    await runCliAlias("init");
+
+    const payloadFile = join(testDir, "payload.json");
+    writeFileSync(payloadFile, "{}");
+
+    const { stderr, exitCode } = await runCliAlias(
+      "put",
+      "@invalid",
+      payloadFile,
+    );
+
+    expect(exitCode).not.toBe(0);
+    expect(stderr.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("@ Alias Resolution - hash", () => {
+  test("ucas hash @string <file> should compute hash without storing", async () => {
+    await runCliAlias("init");
+
+    const payloadFile = join(testDir, "payload.json");
+    writeFileSync(payloadFile, JSON.stringify("test"));
+
+    const { stdout, stderr, exitCode } = await runCliAlias(
+      "hash",
+      "@string",
+      payloadFile,
+    );
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+    expect(stderr).toBe("");
+    expect(stdout).toMatch(/^[0-9A-HJKMNP-TV-Z]{13}$/);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("ucas render command", () => {
+  test("R1: render requires hash argument", async () => {
+    const { exitCode, stderr } = await runCli(["render"]);
+    expect(exitCode).not.toBe(0);
+    expect(stderr).toContain("Usage");
+  });
+
+  test("R2: render with missing hash shows error", async () => {
+    const tmpStore = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), "json-cas-test-"));
+    try {
+      await runCli(["init"], tmpStore);
+      const { exitCode, stdout } = await runCli(
+        ["render", "ZZZZZZZZZZZZZ"],
+        tmpStore,
+      );
+      // Missing hash renders as cas: reference
+      expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+      expect(stdout).toContain("cas:ZZZZZZZZZZZZZ");
+    } finally {
+      rmSync(tmpStore, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("R3: render with invalid numeric flag fails", async () => {
+    const tmpStore = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), "json-cas-test-"));
+    try {
+      await runCli(["init"], tmpStore);
+      const { exitCode, stderr } = await runCli(
+        ["render", "AAAAAAAAAAAAA", "--resolution", "invalid"],
+        tmpStore,
+      );
+      expect(exitCode).not.toBe(0);
+      expect(stderr).toContain("valid number");
+    } finally {
+      rmSync(tmpStore, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    }
+  });
+});

packages/cli-json-cas/src/index.ts

@@ -1,15 +1,23 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bun
 
-import { mkdirSync, readFileSync } from "node:fs";
-import { join, resolve } from "node:path";
+import { existsSync, mkdirSync, readFileSync } from "node:fs";
 import { homedir } from "node:os";
-import type { Hash, JSONSchema, Store } from "@uncaged/json-cas";
+import { join, resolve } from "node:path";
+import type { Hash, JSONSchema, Store, VariableStore } from "@uncaged/json-cas";
 import {
   bootstrap,
+  CasNodeNotFoundError,
   computeHash,
+  createVariableStore,
+  gc,
   getSchema,
+  InvalidTagFormatError,
+  InvalidVariableNameError,
   putSchema,
   refs,
+  render,
+  TagLabelConflictError,
+  VariableNotFoundError,
   validate,
   verify,
   walk,
@@ -18,10 +26,20 @@ import { createFsStore } from "@uncaged/json-cas-fs";
 
 // ---- Argument parsing ----
 
-type Flags = Record<string, string | boolean>;
+type Flags = Record<string, string | boolean | string[]>;
 
 /** Flags that consume the next token as their value. All others are boolean. */
-const VALUE_FLAGS = new Set(["store", "format"]);
+const VALUE_FLAGS = new Set([
+  "store",
+  "format",
+  "var-db",
+  "tag",
+  "schema",
+  "resolution",
+  "decay",
+  "epsilon",
+  "inline",
+]);
 
 function parseArgs(argv: string[]): { flags: Flags; positional: string[] } {
   const flags: Flags = {};
@@ -34,7 +52,19 @@ function parseArgs(argv: string[]): { flags: Flags; positional: string[] } {
       if (VALUE_FLAGS.has(key)) {
         const next = argv[i + 1];
         if (next !== undefined && !next.startsWith("--")) {
-          flags[key] = next;
+          // Handle repeatable flags (like --tag)
+          if (key === "tag") {
+            const existing = flags[key];
+            if (Array.isArray(existing)) {
+              existing.push(next);
+            } else if (typeof existing === "string") {
+              flags[key] = [existing, next];
+            } else {
+              flags[key] = [next];
+            }
+          } else {
+            flags[key] = next;
+          }
           i++;
         } else {
           flags[key] = true;
@@ -53,9 +83,14 @@ function parseArgs(argv: string[]): { flags: Flags; positional: string[] } {
 const { flags, positional } = parseArgs(process.argv.slice(2));
 
 const defaultStorePath = join(homedir(), ".uncaged", "json-cas");
-const storePath = typeof flags.store === "string" ? flags.store : defaultStorePath;
+const storePath =
+  typeof flags.store === "string" ? flags.store : defaultStorePath;
 const compact = flags.json === true;
 
+const defaultVarDbPath = join(storePath, "variables.db");
+const varDbPath =
+  typeof flags["var-db"] === "string" ? flags["var-db"] : defaultVarDbPath;
+
 // ---- Helpers ----
 
 function out(data: unknown): void {
@@ -79,20 +114,127 @@ function openStore(): Store {
   return createFsStore(resolve(storePath));
 }
 
+function openVarStore(): VariableStore {
+  const store = openStore();
+  mkdirSync(resolve(storePath), { recursive: true });
+  return createVariableStore(resolve(varDbPath), store);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve a type-hash, handling @ aliases
+ * If the input starts with @, resolve it via bootstrap
+ * Otherwise, return the hash as-is
+ */
+async function resolveTypeHash(typeHashOrAlias: string): Promise<Hash> {
+  if (typeHashOrAlias.startsWith("@")) {
+    const store = openStore();
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+    const resolvedHash = builtinSchemas[typeHashOrAlias];
+    if (!resolvedHash) {
+      die(`Schema not found: ${typeHashOrAlias}`);
+    }
+    return resolvedHash;
+  }
+  return typeHashOrAlias;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the Variable schema's CAS hash
+ * This is the type hash used in JSON envelopes
+ */
+async function getVariableSchemaHash(): Promise<Hash> {
+  const store = openStore();
+
+  // Define the Variable JSON Schema (updated for new model with composite key)
+  const variableSchema: JSONSchema = {
+    title: "Variable",
+    type: "object",
+    properties: {
+      name: { type: "string" },
+      schema: { type: "string" },
+      value: { type: "string" },
+      created: { type: "number" },
+      updated: { type: "number" },
+      tags: { type: "object" },
+      labels: { type: "array", items: { type: "string" } },
+    },
+    required: [
+      "name",
+      "schema",
+      "value",
+      "created",
+      "updated",
+      "tags",
+      "labels",
+    ],
+  };
+
+  // Compute hash or retrieve from store
+  const hash = await putSchema(store, variableSchema);
+  return hash;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Wrap Variable output in JSON envelope
+ */
+async function wrapVariableEnvelope(
+  variable: unknown,
+): Promise<{ type: Hash; value: unknown }> {
+  const typeHash = await getVariableSchemaHash();
+  return {
+    type: typeHash,
+    value: variable,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse tag/label arguments
+ * Returns: { tags: Record<string, string>, labels: string[], deleteNames: string[] }
+ */
+function parseTagsLabels(args: string[]): {
+  tags: Record<string, string>;
+  labels: string[];
+  deleteNames: string[];
+} {
+  const tags: Record<string, string> = {};
+  const labels: string[] = [];
+  const deleteNames: string[] = [];
+
+  for (const arg of args) {
+    if (arg.startsWith(":")) {
+      // Deletion syntax: :name
+      deleteNames.push(arg.slice(1));
+    } else if (arg.includes(":")) {
+      // Tag: key:value (split on first colon)
+      const colonIdx = arg.indexOf(":");
+      const key = arg.slice(0, colonIdx);
+      const value = arg.slice(colonIdx + 1);
+      tags[key] = value;
+    } else {
+      // Label: bare identifier
+      labels.push(arg);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { tags, labels, deleteNames };
+}
+
 // ---- Commands ----
 
 async function cmdInit(): Promise<void> {
   const dir = resolve(storePath);
   mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true });
   const store = createFsStore(dir);
-  const hash = await bootstrap(store);
-  console.log(hash);
+  const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+  const metaHash = builtinSchemas["@schema"];
+  console.log(metaHash);
 }
 
 async function cmdBootstrap(): Promise<void> {
   const store = openStore();
-  const hash = await bootstrap(store);
-  console.log(hash);
+  const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+  const metaHash = builtinSchemas["@schema"];
+  console.log(metaHash);
 }
 
 async function cmdSchemaPut(args: string[]): Promise<void> {
@@ -105,21 +247,24 @@ async function cmdSchemaPut(args: string[]): Promise<void> {
 }
 
 async function cmdSchemaGet(args: string[]): Promise<void> {
-  const hash = args[0];
-  if (!hash) die("Usage: json-cas schema get <type-hash>");
+  const hashOrAlias = args[0];
+  if (!hashOrAlias) die("Usage: json-cas schema get <type-hash>");
+  const hash = await resolveTypeHash(hashOrAlias);
   const store = openStore();
   const schema = getSchema(store, hash);
-  if (schema === null) die(`Schema not found: ${hash}`);
+  if (schema === null) die(`Schema not found: ${hashOrAlias}`);
   out(schema);
 }
 
 async function cmdSchemaList(): Promise<void> {
   const store = openStore();
-  const metaHash = await bootstrap(store);
-  for (const hash of store.list()) {
+  const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+  const metaHash = builtinSchemas["@schema"];
+  if (!metaHash) throw new Error("Meta-schema not found");
+  for (const hash of store.listByType(metaHash)) {
     if (hash === metaHash) continue;
     const node = store.get(hash);
-    if (node !== null && node.type === metaHash) {
+    if (node !== null) {
       const schema = node.payload as JSONSchema;
       const name =
         (schema.title as string | undefined) ??
@@ -141,9 +286,11 @@ async function cmdSchemaValidate(args: string[]): Promise<void> {
 }
 
 async function cmdPut(args: string[]): Promise<void> {
-  const typeHash = args[0];
+  const typeHashOrAlias = args[0];
   const file = args[1];
-  if (!typeHash || !file) die("Usage: json-cas put <type-hash> <file.json>");
+  if (!typeHashOrAlias || !file)
+    die("Usage: json-cas put <type-hash> <file.json>");
+  const typeHash = await resolveTypeHash(typeHashOrAlias);
   const payload = readJsonFile(file);
   const store = openStore();
   const hash = await store.put(typeHash, payload);
@@ -176,13 +323,6 @@ async function cmdVerify(args: string[]): Promise<void> {
   console.log(ok ? "ok" : "corrupted");
 }
 
-async function cmdList(): Promise<void> {
-  const store = openStore();
-  for (const hash of store.list()) {
-    console.log(hash);
-  }
-}
-
 async function cmdRefs(args: string[]): Promise<void> {
   const hash = args[0];
   if (!hash) die("Usage: json-cas refs <hash>");
@@ -235,14 +375,63 @@ async function cmdWalk(args: string[]): Promise<void> {
 }
 
 async function cmdHash(args: string[]): Promise<void> {
-  const typeHash = args[0];
+  const typeHashOrAlias = args[0];
   const file = args[1];
-  if (!typeHash || !file) die("Usage: json-cas hash <type-hash> <file.json>");
+  if (!typeHashOrAlias || !file)
+    die("Usage: json-cas hash <type-hash> <file.json>");
+  const typeHash = await resolveTypeHash(typeHashOrAlias);
   const payload = readJsonFile(file);
   const hash = await computeHash(typeHash, payload);
   console.log(hash);
 }
 
+async function cmdRender(args: string[]): Promise<void> {
+  const hash = args[0];
+  if (!hash) {
+    die(
+      "Usage: ucas render <hash> [--resolution <n>] [--decay <n>] [--epsilon <n>]",
+    );
+  }
+
+  const store = openStore();
+
+  // Parse numeric options
+  const resolution =
+    typeof flags.resolution === "string"
+      ? Number.parseFloat(flags.resolution)
+      : undefined;
+  const decay =
+    typeof flags.decay === "string"
+      ? Number.parseFloat(flags.decay)
+      : undefined;
+  const epsilon =
+    typeof flags.epsilon === "string"
+      ? Number.parseFloat(flags.epsilon)
+      : undefined;
+
+  // Validate numeric values
+  if (resolution !== undefined && Number.isNaN(resolution)) {
+    die("--resolution must be a valid number");
+  }
+  if (decay !== undefined && Number.isNaN(decay)) {
+    die("--decay must be a valid number");
+  }
+  if (epsilon !== undefined && Number.isNaN(epsilon)) {
+    die("--epsilon must be a valid number");
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const output = render(store, hash, { resolution, decay, epsilon });
+    // Output to stdout without JSON wrapping (raw YAML)
+    process.stdout.write(output);
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error instanceof Error) {
+      die(error.message);
+    }
+    die(String(error));
+  }
+}
+
 async function cmdCat(args: string[]): Promise<void> {
   const hash = args[0];
   if (!hash) die("Usage: json-cas cat <hash>");
@@ -256,6 +445,371 @@ async function cmdCat(args: string[]): Promise<void> {
   }
 }
 
+async function cmdVarSet(args: string[]): Promise<void> {
+  const name = args[0];
+  const value = args[1];
+  const tagFlags = flags.tag;
+
+  if (!name || !value) {
+    die("Usage: json-cas var set <name> <hash> [--tag <tag>...]");
+  }
+
+  const varStore = openVarStore();
+
+  try {
+    // Parse tags/labels from --tag flags
+    const tagArgs = Array.isArray(tagFlags)
+      ? tagFlags
+      : typeof tagFlags === "string"
+        ? [tagFlags]
+        : [];
+    const { tags, labels, deleteNames } = parseTagsLabels(tagArgs);
+
+    // Check for conflicts in initial tags/labels
+    if (deleteNames.length > 0) {
+      die("Error: Cannot use deletion syntax (:name) in var set");
+    }
+
+    // If --tag flags are provided at all, always pass options to replace tags/labels
+    // If no --tag flags, pass undefined to preserve existing tags/labels
+    const options =
+      tagArgs.length > 0
+        ? {
+            tags: Object.keys(tags).length > 0 ? tags : {},
+            labels: labels.length > 0 ? labels : [],
+          }
+        : undefined;
+
+    const variable = varStore.set(name, value, options);
+    const envelope = await wrapVariableEnvelope(variable);
+    out(envelope);
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (
+      e instanceof InvalidVariableNameError ||
+      e instanceof CasNodeNotFoundError ||
+      e instanceof TagLabelConflictError
+    ) {
+      die(`Error: ${e.message}`);
+    }
+    throw e;
+  } finally {
+    varStore.close();
+  }
+}
+
+async function cmdVarGet(args: string[]): Promise<void> {
+  const name = args[0];
+  const schema = flags.schema as string | undefined;
+
+  if (!name || !schema) {
+    die("Usage: json-cas var get <name> --schema <hash>");
+  }
+
+  const varStore = openVarStore();
+
+  try {
+    const variable = varStore.get(name, schema);
+    if (variable === null) {
+      die(`Error: Variable not found: name=${name}, schema=${schema}`);
+    }
+    const envelope = await wrapVariableEnvelope(variable);
+    out(envelope);
+  } finally {
+    varStore.close();
+  }
+}
+
+async function cmdVarDelete(args: string[]): Promise<void> {
+  const name = args[0];
+  const schema = flags.schema as string | undefined;
+
+  if (!name) {
+    die("Usage: json-cas var delete <name> [--schema <hash>]");
+  }
+
+  const varStore = openVarStore();
+
+  try {
+    if (schema !== undefined) {
+      // Precise deletion: remove specific (name, schema) variant
+      const variable = varStore.remove(name, schema);
+      const envelope = await wrapVariableEnvelope(variable);
+      out(envelope);
+    } else {
+      // Batch deletion: remove all variants for this name
+      const variables = varStore.remove(name);
+      const envelope = await wrapVariableEnvelope(variables);
+      out(envelope);
+    }
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (e instanceof VariableNotFoundError) {
+      die(`Error: ${e.message}`);
+    }
+    throw e;
+  } finally {
+    varStore.close();
+  }
+}
+
+async function cmdVarTag(args: string[]): Promise<void> {
+  const name = args[0];
+  const schema = flags.schema as string | undefined;
+
+  if (!name || !schema) {
+    die("Usage: json-cas var tag <name> --schema <hash> <operations...>");
+  }
+
+  const tagArgs = args.slice(1);
+  if (tagArgs.length === 0) {
+    die("Usage: json-cas var tag <name> --schema <hash> <operations...>");
+  }
+
+  const varStore = openVarStore();
+
+  try {
+    const { tags, labels, deleteNames } = parseTagsLabels(tagArgs);
+
+    const variable = varStore.tag(name, schema, {
+      add: Object.keys(tags).length > 0 ? tags : undefined,
+      addLabels: labels.length > 0 ? labels : undefined,
+      delete: deleteNames.length > 0 ? deleteNames : undefined,
+    });
+
+    const envelope = await wrapVariableEnvelope(variable);
+    out(envelope);
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (
+      e instanceof VariableNotFoundError ||
+      e instanceof TagLabelConflictError ||
+      e instanceof InvalidTagFormatError
+    ) {
+      die(`Error: ${e.message}`);
+    }
+    throw e;
+  } finally {
+    varStore.close();
+  }
+}
+
+async function cmdVarList(args: string[]): Promise<void> {
+  const namePrefix = args[0] ?? "";
+  const schema = flags.schema as string | undefined;
+  const tagFlags = flags.tag;
+
+  const varStore = openVarStore();
+
+  try {
+    // Parse tags/labels from --tag flags
+    const tagArgs = Array.isArray(tagFlags)
+      ? tagFlags
+      : typeof tagFlags === "string"
+        ? [tagFlags]
+        : [];
+    const { tags, labels, deleteNames } = parseTagsLabels(tagArgs);
+
+    // Check for invalid deletion syntax in filters
+    if (deleteNames.length > 0) {
+      die("Error: Cannot use deletion syntax (:name) in var list filters");
+    }
+
+    const variables = varStore.list({
+      namePrefix,
+      schema,
+      tags: Object.keys(tags).length > 0 ? tags : undefined,
+      labels: labels.length > 0 ? labels : undefined,
+    });
+    const envelope = await wrapVariableEnvelope(variables);
+    out(envelope);
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (e instanceof InvalidVariableNameError) {
+      die(`Error: ${e.message}`);
+    }
+    throw e;
+  } finally {
+    varStore.close();
+  }
+}
+
+async function cmdTemplateSet(args: string[]): Promise<void> {
+  const schemaHash = args[0];
+  const inlineFlag = flags.inline;
+
+  if (!schemaHash) {
+    die("Usage: json-cas template set <schema-hash> <file> | --inline <text>");
+  }
+
+  const store = openStore();
+  mkdirSync(resolve(storePath), { recursive: true });
+  const varStore = createVariableStore(resolve(varDbPath), store);
+
+  try {
+    // Validate schema hash exists in CAS
+    if (!store.has(schemaHash)) {
+      die(`Error: Schema hash not found in CAS: ${schemaHash}`);
+    }
+
+    // Determine content source
+    let content: string;
+
+    if (typeof inlineFlag === "string") {
+      // --inline mode
+      const fileArg = args[1];
+      if (fileArg !== undefined && !fileArg.startsWith("--")) {
+        die("Error: Cannot specify both file and --inline");
+      }
+      content = inlineFlag;
+    } else if (inlineFlag === true) {
+      // --inline flag present but no value
+      const contentArg = args[1];
+      if (!contentArg) {
+        die(
+          "Usage: json-cas template set <schema-hash> <file> | --inline <text>",
+        );
+      }
+      content = contentArg;
+    } else {
+      // File mode
+      const file = args[1];
+      if (!file) {
+        die(
+          "Usage: json-cas template set <schema-hash> <file> | --inline <text>",
+        );
+      }
+      if (!existsSync(file)) {
+        die(`Error: File not found: ${file}`);
+      }
+      content = readFileSync(file, "utf-8");
+    }
+
+    // Store content in CAS under @string schema
+    const stringHash = await resolveTypeHash("@string");
+    const contentHash = await store.put(stringHash, content);
+
+    // Create variable binding: @ucas/template/text/<schema-hash>
+    const varName = `@ucas/template/text/${schemaHash}`;
+    varStore.set(varName, contentHash);
+
+    out({
+      schemaHash,
+      contentHash,
+    });
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (e instanceof CasNodeNotFoundError) {
+      die(`Error: ${e.message}`);
+    }
+    throw e;
+  } finally {
+    varStore.close();
+  }
+}
+
+async function cmdTemplateGet(args: string[]): Promise<void> {
+  const schemaHash = args[0];
+
+  if (!schemaHash) {
+    die("Usage: json-cas template get <schema-hash>");
+  }
+
+  const store = openStore();
+  mkdirSync(resolve(storePath), { recursive: true });
+  const varStore = createVariableStore(resolve(varDbPath), store);
+
+  try {
+    const varName = `@ucas/template/text/${schemaHash}`;
+    const stringHash = await resolveTypeHash("@string");
+    const variable = varStore.get(varName, stringHash);
+
+    if (variable === null) {
+      die(`Error: Template not found for schema: ${schemaHash}`);
+    }
+
+    // Get the content from CAS
+    const node = store.get(variable.value);
+    if (node === null) {
+      die(`Error: Content not found in CAS: ${variable.value}`);
+    }
+
+    // Output raw text (not JSON)
+    process.stdout.write(node.payload as string);
+  } finally {
+    varStore.close();
+  }
+}
+
+async function cmdTemplateList(_args: string[]): Promise<void> {
+  const store = openStore();
+  mkdirSync(resolve(storePath), { recursive: true });
+  const varStore = createVariableStore(resolve(varDbPath), store);
+
+  try {
+    const stringHash = await resolveTypeHash("@string");
+    const variables = varStore.list({
+      namePrefix: "@ucas/template/text/",
+      schema: stringHash,
+    });
+
+    const templates = variables.map((v) => {
+      const schemaHash = v.name.replace("@ucas/template/text/", "");
+
+      // Get content for preview
+      const node = store.get(v.value);
+      const content = (node?.payload as string | undefined) ?? "";
+
+      // Truncate preview to 80 chars
+      const preview =
+        content.length > 80 ? `${content.slice(0, 77)}...` : content;
+
+      return {
+        schemaHash,
+        preview,
+      };
+    });
+
+    out(templates);
+  } finally {
+    varStore.close();
+  }
+}
+
+async function cmdTemplateDelete(args: string[]): Promise<void> {
+  const schemaHash = args[0];
+
+  if (!schemaHash) {
+    die("Usage: json-cas template delete <schema-hash>");
+  }
+
+  const store = openStore();
+  mkdirSync(resolve(storePath), { recursive: true });
+  const varStore = createVariableStore(resolve(varDbPath), store);
+
+  try {
+    const varName = `@ucas/template/text/${schemaHash}`;
+    const stringHash = await resolveTypeHash("@string");
+    varStore.remove(varName, stringHash);
+
+    out({ deleted: true });
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (e instanceof VariableNotFoundError) {
+      die(`Error: Template not found for schema: ${schemaHash}`);
+    }
+    throw e;
+  } finally {
+    varStore.close();
+  }
+}
+
+async function cmdGc(_args: string[]): Promise<void> {
+  const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+  const varStore = createVariableStore(varDbPath, store);
+
+  try {
+    const stats = gc(store, varStore);
+    out(stats);
+  } finally {
+    varStore.close();
+  }
+}
+
 function printUsage(): void {
   console.log(`\
 Usage: json-cas [--store <path>] [--json] <command> [args]
@@ -271,15 +825,32 @@ Commands:
   get <hash>                        Print node as JSON
   has <hash>                        Print true/false
   verify <hash>                     Verify integrity, print ok/corrupted
-  list                              List all hashes
   refs <hash>                       List direct cas_ref edges
   walk <hash> [--format tree]       Recursive traversal
   hash <type-hash> <file.json>      Compute hash without storing (dry run)
+  render <hash> [options]           Render node as YAML with resolution decay
   cat <hash> [--payload]            Output node (--payload for payload only)
+  var set <name> <hash> [--tag <tag>...] Create/update a variable
+  var get <name> --schema <hash>    Get a variable by name + schema
+  var delete <name> [--schema <hash>] Delete variable(s)
+  var list [prefix] [--schema <hash>] [--tag <tag>...] List variables
+  var tag <name> --schema <hash> <operations...> Modify tags/labels
+  template set <schema-hash> <file> | --inline <text> Set template for schema
+  template get <schema-hash>        Get template content as raw text
+  template list                     List all templates
+  template delete <schema-hash>     Delete template for schema
+  gc                                Run garbage collection
 
 Flags:
-  --store <path>   Store directory (default: ~/.uncaged/json-cas)
-  --json           Compact JSON output`);
+  --store <path>      Store directory (default: ~/.uncaged/json-cas)
+  --var-db <path>     Variable database path (default: <store>/variables.db)
+  --json              Compact JSON output
+  --schema <hash>     Schema hash filter for var get/delete/tag/list
+  --tag <tag>         Tag/label (can be repeated): key:value (tag), name (label), :name (delete)
+  --inline <text>     Inline text content for template set
+  --resolution <n>    Initial resolution for render (default: 1.0)
+  --decay <n>         Decay factor for render (default: 0.5)
+  --epsilon <n>       Cutoff threshold for render (default: 0.01)`);
 }
 
 // ---- Dispatch ----
@@ -337,10 +908,6 @@ switch (cmd) {
     await cmdVerify(rest);
     break;
 
-  case "list":
-    await cmdList();
-    break;
-
   case "refs":
     await cmdRefs(rest);
     break;
@@ -353,10 +920,63 @@ switch (cmd) {
     await cmdHash(rest);
     break;
 
+  case "render":
+    await cmdRender(rest);
+    break;
+
   case "cat":
     await cmdCat(rest);
     break;
 
+  case "var": {
+    const [sub, ...subRest] = rest;
+    switch (sub) {
+      case "set":
+        await cmdVarSet(subRest);
+        break;
+      case "get":
+        await cmdVarGet(subRest);
+        break;
+      case "delete":
+        await cmdVarDelete(subRest);
+        break;
+      case "tag":
+        await cmdVarTag(subRest);
+        break;
+      case "list":
+        await cmdVarList(subRest);
+        break;
+      default:
+        die(`Unknown var subcommand: ${sub ?? "(none)"}`);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+
+  case "template": {
+    const [sub, ...subRest] = rest;
+    switch (sub) {
+      case "set":
+        await cmdTemplateSet(subRest);
+        break;
+      case "get":
+        await cmdTemplateGet(subRest);
+        break;
+      case "list":
+        await cmdTemplateList(subRest);
+        break;
+      case "delete":
+        await cmdTemplateDelete(subRest);
+        break;
+      default:
+        die(`Unknown template subcommand: ${sub ?? "(none)"}`);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+
+  case "gc":
+    await cmdGc(rest);
+    break;
+
   default:
     die(`Unknown command: ${cmd}`);
 }

packages/cli-json-cas/src/template.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,648 @@
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
+import { mkdirSync, rmSync, writeFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
+import { join } from "node:path";
+import type { Hash, Store } from "@uncaged/json-cas";
+import { bootstrap } from "@uncaged/json-cas";
+import { createFsStore } from "@uncaged/json-cas-fs";
+
+// ---- Test helpers ----
+
+let testDir: string;
+let storePath: string;
+let varDbPath: string;
+let cliPath: string;
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  // Create unique temp directory for each test
+  testDir = join(
+    tmpdir(),
+    `json-cas-test-${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2)}`,
+  );
+  storePath = join(testDir, "store");
+  varDbPath = join(testDir, "variables.db");
+  cliPath = join(import.meta.dir, "index.ts");
+
+  mkdirSync(testDir, { recursive: true });
+  mkdirSync(storePath, { recursive: true });
+});
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  // Clean up test directory
+  try {
+    rmSync(testDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  } catch {
+    // Ignore cleanup errors
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * Run CLI command and return stdout, stderr, and exit code
+ */
+async function runCli(...args: string[]): Promise<{
+  stdout: string;
+  stderr: string;
+  exitCode: number;
+}> {
+  const proc = Bun.spawn(
+    [
+      "bun",
+      "run",
+      cliPath,
+      "--store",
+      storePath,
+      "--var-db",
+      varDbPath,
+      ...args,
+    ],
+    {
+      stdout: "pipe",
+      stderr: "pipe",
+    },
+  );
+
+  const [stdout, stderr] = await Promise.all([
+    new Response(proc.stdout).text(),
+    new Response(proc.stderr).text(),
+  ]);
+
+  await proc.exited;
+
+  return {
+    stdout: stdout.trim(),
+    stderr: stderr.trim(),
+    exitCode: proc.exitCode ?? 0,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get bootstrap @string type hash
+ */
+async function getStringHash(store: Store): Promise<Hash> {
+  const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+  return builtinSchemas["@string"] ?? "";
+}
+
+// ---- Tests ----
+
+describe("template set", () => {
+  test("set template from file", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    const templateFile = join(testDir, "template.txt");
+    writeFileSync(templateFile, "Hello {{name}}!");
+
+    const { stdout, stderr, exitCode } = await runCli(
+      "template",
+      "set",
+      stringHash,
+      templateFile,
+    );
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+    expect(stderr).toBe("");
+
+    const output = JSON.parse(stdout);
+    expect(output).toHaveProperty("contentHash");
+    expect(output.schemaHash).toBe(stringHash);
+  });
+
+  test("set template with --inline flag", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    const { stdout, exitCode } = await runCli(
+      "template",
+      "set",
+      stringHash,
+      "--inline",
+      "Inline template content",
+    );
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+
+    const output = JSON.parse(stdout);
+    expect(output).toHaveProperty("contentHash");
+    expect(output.schemaHash).toBe(stringHash);
+  });
+
+  test("update existing template (idempotent)", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    const templateFile = join(testDir, "template.txt");
+    writeFileSync(templateFile, "Version 1");
+
+    // Set first time
+    await runCli("template", "set", stringHash, templateFile);
+
+    // Update with new content
+    writeFileSync(templateFile, "Version 2");
+    const { stdout, exitCode } = await runCli(
+      "template",
+      "set",
+      stringHash,
+      templateFile,
+    );
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+
+    const output = JSON.parse(stdout);
+    expect(output).toHaveProperty("contentHash");
+
+    // Verify we can get the new version
+    const { stdout: getOut } = await runCli("template", "get", stringHash);
+    expect(getOut).toBe("Version 2");
+  });
+
+  test("error when file not found", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    const { stderr, exitCode } = await runCli(
+      "template",
+      "set",
+      stringHash,
+      "/nonexistent/file.txt",
+    );
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(1);
+    expect(stderr).toContain("Error:");
+  });
+
+  test("error when schema hash invalid", async () => {
+    const templateFile = join(testDir, "template.txt");
+    writeFileSync(templateFile, "content");
+
+    const { stderr, exitCode } = await runCli(
+      "template",
+      "set",
+      "INVALID_HASH",
+      templateFile,
+    );
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(1);
+    expect(stderr).toContain("Error:");
+  });
+
+  test("error when both file and --inline provided", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    const templateFile = join(testDir, "template.txt");
+    writeFileSync(templateFile, "content");
+
+    const { stderr, exitCode } = await runCli(
+      "template",
+      "set",
+      stringHash,
+      templateFile,
+      "--inline",
+      "inline content",
+    );
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(1);
+    expect(stderr).toContain("Error:");
+  });
+
+  test("support multi-line templates", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    const multilineContent = "Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3";
+    const { exitCode } = await runCli(
+      "template",
+      "set",
+      stringHash,
+      "--inline",
+      multilineContent,
+    );
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+
+    // Verify content
+    const { stdout: getOut } = await runCli("template", "get", stringHash);
+    expect(getOut).toBe(multilineContent);
+  });
+
+  test("support empty templates", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    const { stdout, exitCode } = await runCli(
+      "template",
+      "set",
+      stringHash,
+      "--inline",
+      "",
+    );
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+
+    const output = JSON.parse(stdout);
+    expect(output).toHaveProperty("contentHash");
+  });
+
+  test("error when neither file nor --inline provided", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    const { stderr, exitCode } = await runCli("template", "set", stringHash);
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(1);
+    expect(stderr).toContain("Usage:");
+  });
+
+  test("support templates with special characters", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    const specialContent = "Template with {{var}} and $env and @ref";
+    const { exitCode } = await runCli(
+      "template",
+      "set",
+      stringHash,
+      "--inline",
+      specialContent,
+    );
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+
+    // Verify content preserved
+    const { stdout: getOut } = await runCli("template", "get", stringHash);
+    expect(getOut).toBe(specialContent);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("template get", () => {
+  test("retrieve template as raw text", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    const content = "Hello {{name}}!";
+    await runCli("template", "set", stringHash, "--inline", content);
+
+    const { stdout, stderr, exitCode } = await runCli(
+      "template",
+      "get",
+      stringHash,
+    );
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+    expect(stderr).toBe("");
+    expect(stdout).toBe(content);
+  });
+
+  test("error when template not found", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    const { stderr, exitCode } = await runCli("template", "get", stringHash);
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(1);
+    expect(stderr).toContain("Error:");
+    expect(stderr).toContain("not found");
+  });
+
+  test("preserve exact whitespace", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    // Note: runCli helper trims stdout, so we test with content that doesn't have leading/trailing whitespace
+    // The actual CLI preserves whitespace correctly
+    const content = "spaces\n\ttabs\t\nmixed";
+    await runCli("template", "set", stringHash, "--inline", content);
+
+    const { stdout } = await runCli("template", "get", stringHash);
+
+    expect(stdout).toBe(content);
+  });
+
+  test("support multi-line templates", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    // Note: runCli helper trims stdout, so trailing newline will be removed
+    const multiline = "Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3";
+    await runCli("template", "set", stringHash, "--inline", multiline);
+
+    const { stdout } = await runCli("template", "get", stringHash);
+
+    expect(stdout).toBe(multiline);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("template list", () => {
+  test("list all templates", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    // Create multiple templates
+    await runCli("template", "set", stringHash, "--inline", "Template 1");
+    await runCli("template", "set", "SCHEMA_HASH_2", "--inline", "Template 2");
+
+    const { stdout, exitCode } = await runCli("template", "list");
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+
+    const output = JSON.parse(stdout);
+    expect(Array.isArray(output)).toBe(true);
+    expect(output.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+
+    // Check structure
+    const item = output[0];
+    expect(item).toHaveProperty("schemaHash");
+    expect(item).toHaveProperty("preview");
+  });
+
+  test("preview truncation for long content", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    const longContent = "a".repeat(200);
+    await runCli("template", "set", stringHash, "--inline", longContent);
+
+    const { stdout } = await runCli("template", "list");
+
+    const output = JSON.parse(stdout) as Array<{
+      schemaHash: string;
+      preview: string;
+    }>;
+    const item = output.find((i) => i.schemaHash === stringHash);
+    expect(item).toBeDefined();
+    if (item) {
+      expect(item.preview.length).toBeLessThan(longContent.length);
+      expect(item.preview).toContain("...");
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("empty list when no templates", async () => {
+    const { stdout, exitCode } = await runCli("template", "list");
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+
+    const output = JSON.parse(stdout);
+    expect(Array.isArray(output)).toBe(true);
+    expect(output.length).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  test("exclude non-template variables", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    // Create a template
+    await runCli("template", "set", stringHash, "--inline", "Template");
+
+    // Create a regular variable (not under @ucas/template/text/)
+    const hash = await store.put(stringHash, "regular var content");
+    await runCli("var", "set", "regular/var", hash);
+
+    const { stdout } = await runCli("template", "list");
+
+    const output = JSON.parse(stdout);
+    // Should only contain template variables
+    for (const item of output) {
+      expect(item.schemaHash).toBeDefined();
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("output JSON array format", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    await runCli("template", "set", stringHash, "--inline", "Test");
+
+    const { stdout } = await runCli("template", "list");
+
+    // Should be valid JSON
+    expect(() => JSON.parse(stdout)).not.toThrow();
+
+    const output = JSON.parse(stdout);
+    expect(Array.isArray(output)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test("preview shows beginning of content", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    const content = "Start of template...";
+    await runCli("template", "set", stringHash, "--inline", content);
+
+    const { stdout } = await runCli("template", "list");
+
+    const output = JSON.parse(stdout) as Array<{
+      schemaHash: string;
+      preview: string;
+    }>;
+    const item = output.find((i) => i.schemaHash === stringHash);
+    if (item) {
+      expect(item.preview).toContain("Start");
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+describe("template delete", () => {
+  test("delete template variable binding", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    await runCli("template", "set", stringHash, "--inline", "Template");
+
+    const { stdout, stderr, exitCode } = await runCli(
+      "template",
+      "delete",
+      stringHash,
+    );
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+    expect(stderr).toBe("");
+
+    const output = JSON.parse(stdout);
+    expect(output).toHaveProperty("deleted");
+    expect(output.deleted).toBe(true);
+
+    // Verify template is gone
+    const { exitCode: getExitCode } = await runCli(
+      "template",
+      "get",
+      stringHash,
+    );
+    expect(getExitCode).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  test("error when template not found", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    const { stderr, exitCode } = await runCli("template", "delete", stringHash);
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(1);
+    expect(stderr).toContain("Error:");
+    expect(stderr).toContain("not found");
+  });
+
+  test("deletion does not affect other templates", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    // Create two templates
+    await runCli("template", "set", stringHash, "--inline", "Template 1");
+    await runCli("template", "set", "SCHEMA_HASH_2", "--inline", "Template 2");
+
+    // Delete first template
+    await runCli("template", "delete", stringHash);
+
+    // Verify second still exists
+    const { stdout } = await runCli("template", "list");
+    const output = JSON.parse(stdout) as Array<{
+      schemaHash: string;
+      preview: string;
+    }>;
+
+    // Should not find deleted template
+    const deleted = output.find((i) => i.schemaHash === stringHash);
+    expect(deleted).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  test("CAS content remains after variable deletion", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    await runCli("template", "set", stringHash, "--inline", "Content");
+
+    // Get the content hash before deletion
+    const { stdout: setOut } = await runCli(
+      "template",
+      "set",
+      stringHash,
+      "--inline",
+      "Content",
+    );
+    const { contentHash } = JSON.parse(setOut);
+
+    // Delete the template variable
+    await runCli("template", "delete", stringHash);
+
+    // Verify CAS node still exists
+    const { exitCode: hasExitCode } = await runCli("has", contentHash);
+    expect(hasExitCode).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  test("deletion is non-idempotent (second delete fails)", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    await runCli("template", "set", stringHash, "--inline", "Template");
+
+    // First deletion succeeds
+    const { exitCode: firstExit } = await runCli(
+      "template",
+      "delete",
+      stringHash,
+    );
+    expect(firstExit).toBe(0);
+
+    // Second deletion fails
+    const { exitCode: secondExit } = await runCli(
+      "template",
+      "delete",
+      stringHash,
+    );
+    expect(secondExit).toBe(1);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("template integration", () => {
+  test("end-to-end workflow: set→get→list→delete", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    const content = "Integration test template";
+
+    // Set
+    const { exitCode: setExit } = await runCli(
+      "template",
+      "set",
+      stringHash,
+      "--inline",
+      content,
+    );
+    expect(setExit).toBe(0);
+
+    // Get
+    const { stdout: getOut, exitCode: getExit } = await runCli(
+      "template",
+      "get",
+      stringHash,
+    );
+    expect(getExit).toBe(0);
+    expect(getOut).toBe(content);
+
+    // List
+    const { stdout: listOut, exitCode: listExit } = await runCli(
+      "template",
+      "list",
+    );
+    expect(listExit).toBe(0);
+    const listData = JSON.parse(listOut);
+    expect(listData.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+    // Delete
+    const { exitCode: delExit } = await runCli(
+      "template",
+      "delete",
+      stringHash,
+    );
+    expect(delExit).toBe(0);
+
+    // Verify deleted
+    const { exitCode: finalGet } = await runCli("template", "get", stringHash);
+    expect(finalGet).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  test("templates compatible with generic var commands", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    // Set via template command
+    await runCli("template", "set", stringHash, "--inline", "Content");
+
+    // List via var command - should see template variable
+    const { stdout } = await runCli("var", "list", "@ucas/template/text/");
+
+    const output = JSON.parse(stdout);
+    expect(output.value.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  });
+
+  test("multiple templates for different schemas", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(storePath);
+    const stringHash = await getStringHash(store);
+
+    // Create templates for different schemas
+    await runCli("template", "set", stringHash, "--inline", "Template 1");
+    await runCli("template", "set", "SCHEMA_HASH_2", "--inline", "Template 2");
+    await runCli("template", "set", "SCHEMA_HASH_3", "--inline", "Template 3");
+
+    // List should show all
+    const { stdout } = await runCli("template", "list");
+    const output = JSON.parse(stdout);
+    expect(output.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("template error handling", () => {
+  test("unknown template subcommand", async () => {
+    const { stderr, exitCode } = await runCli("template", "unknown");
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(1);
+    expect(stderr).toContain("Unknown");
+  });
+
+  test("missing schema hash argument", async () => {
+    const { stderr, exitCode } = await runCli("template", "set");
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(1);
+    expect(stderr).toContain("Usage:");
+  });
+});

packages/json-cas-fs/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# @uncaged/json-cas-fs
+
+## 0.5.3
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- feat: add oneOf support to meta-schema validation
+
+  Added `oneOf` to `ALLOWED_SCHEMA_KEYS` and corresponding validation logic
+  in `isValidSchema`. This enables workflow frontmatter schemas that use
+  `oneOf` discriminated unions for multi-exit role definitions.
+
+- Updated dependencies []:
+  - @uncaged/json-cas@0.5.3
+
+## 0.3.0
+
+### Minor Changes
+
+- Disallow self-referencing nodes in put(). typeHash is now required (no null). Self-ref only via bootstrap().
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies []:
+  - @uncaged/json-cas@0.3.0
+
+## 0.2.0
+
+### Minor Changes
+
+- Add listByType(typeHash) to Store interface for O(1) type-based queries, with append-only fs index
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies []:
+  - @uncaged/json-cas@0.2.0
+
+## 0.1.3
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies []:
+  - @uncaged/json-cas@0.1.3

packages/json-cas-fs/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# @uncaged/json-cas-fs
+
+Filesystem-backed CAS store.
+
+## Overview
+
+`@uncaged/json-cas-fs` implements a persistent `Store` on disk. Each node is stored as `<hash>.bin` (CBOR-encoded `CasNode`). A `_index/` directory maps type hashes to content hashes for `listByType`. Stores support bootstrap via the same `BOOTSTRAP_STORE` symbol as the in-memory implementation.
+
+Depends on `@uncaged/json-cas` for hashing, CBOR encoding, and types.
+
+**Dependencies:** `@uncaged/json-cas`, `cborg`
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+bun add @uncaged/json-cas-fs
+```
+
+## API
+
+Exported from `src/index.ts`:
+
+```typescript
+function createFsStore(dir: string): BootstrapCapableStore;
+```
+
+Returns a `BootstrapCapableStore` from `@uncaged/json-cas`. The store loads existing `.bin` files on open and migrates or builds the type index on first use.
+
+### Example
+
+```typescript
+import { bootstrap, putSchema } from "@uncaged/json-cas";
+import { createFsStore } from "@uncaged/json-cas-fs";
+
+const store = createFsStore("./my-cas-store");
+await bootstrap(store);
+
+const typeHash = await putSchema(store, {
+  type: "object",
+  properties: { id: { type: "string" } },
+  required: ["id"],
+  additionalProperties: false,
+});
+
+const hash = await store.put(typeHash, { id: "item-1" });
+console.log(store.has(hash)); // true after restart if same dir
+```
+
+### On-disk layout
+
+```
+my-cas-store/
+├── <hash>.bin          # CBOR CasNode
+├── _index/
+│   └── <typeHash>      # newline-separated content hashes
+└── ...
+```
+
+Writes use atomic rename (`<hash>.tmp` → `<hash>.bin`).
+
+## Internal Structure
+
+| File | Purpose |
+|------|---------|
+| `store.ts` | `createFsStore`, load/save nodes and type index |
+| `index.ts` | Public export |
+| `store.test.ts` | Filesystem store tests |

packages/json-cas-fs/package.json

@@ -1,16 +1,25 @@
 {
   "name": "@uncaged/json-cas-fs",
-"version": "0.1.1",
+  "version": "0.5.3",
   "type": "module",
-  "main": "./src/index.ts",
+  "main": "./dist/index.js",
+  "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
   "exports": {
-    ".": "./src/index.ts"
+    ".": {
+      "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
+      "import": "./dist/index.js"
+    }
   },
+  "files": [
+    "dist",
+    "src"
+  ],
   "scripts": {
-    "test": "bun test"
+    "test": "bun test",
+    "prepublishOnly": "echo '请用 bun run release 从根目录发版' && exit 1"
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@uncaged/json-cas": "workspace:^",
+    "@uncaged/json-cas": "^0.5.3",
     "cborg": "^4.2.3"
   }
 }

packages/json-cas-fs/src/store.test.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
-import { mkdtempSync, rmSync } from "node:fs";
+import { existsSync, mkdtempSync, readdirSync, rmSync } from "node:fs";
 import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
 import { join } from "node:path";
 import type { CasNode } from "@uncaged/json-cas";
@@ -30,20 +30,21 @@ describe("createFsStore – init and bootstrap", () => {
 
   test("store opens against an existing empty dir", () => {
     const store = createFsStore(dir);
-    expect(store.list()).toEqual([]);
+    expect(store.listByType("0000000000000")).toEqual([]);
   });
 
   test("store creates the directory on first put", async () => {
     const nested = join(dir, "sub", "store");
     const store = createFsStore(nested);
     const typeHash = await computeSelfHash({ name: "t" });
-    await store.put(typeHash, { x: 1 });
-    expect(store.list()).toHaveLength(1);
+    const hash = await store.put(typeHash, { x: 1 });
+    expect(store.has(hash)).toBe(true);
   });
 
   test("bootstrap returns a valid 13-char self-referencing hash", async () => {
     const store = createFsStore(dir);
-    const hash = await bootstrap(store);
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+    const hash = builtinSchemas["@schema"] ?? "";
 
     expect(hash).toHaveLength(13);
     expect(hash).toMatch(/^[0-9A-HJKMNP-TV-Z]{13}$/);
@@ -57,8 +58,8 @@ describe("createFsStore – init and bootstrap", () => {
     const h1 = await bootstrap(store);
     const h2 = await bootstrap(store);
 
-    expect(h1).toBe(h2);
-    expect(store.list()).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(h1).toEqual(h2);
+    expect(store.listByType(h1["@schema"] ?? "")).toHaveLength(6);
   });
 });
 
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ describe("createFsStore – persistence round-trip", () => {
     const store2 = createFsStore(dir);
     expect(store2.has(h1)).toBe(true);
     expect(store2.has(h2)).toBe(true);
-    expect(store2.list()).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(store2.listByType(typeHash)).toHaveLength(2);
   });
 
   test("round-trip preserves type, payload, and timestamp", async () => {
@@ -104,7 +105,8 @@ describe("createFsStore – persistence round-trip", () => {
 
   test("bootstrap survives round-trip: self-referencing node reloads correctly", async () => {
     const store1 = createFsStore(dir);
-    const hash = await bootstrap(store1);
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store1);
+    const hash = builtinSchemas["@schema"] ?? "";
 
     const store2 = createFsStore(dir);
     const node = store2.get(hash) as CasNode;
@@ -125,7 +127,7 @@ describe("createFsStore – persistence round-trip", () => {
     const ts2 = store2.get(hash)?.timestamp;
 
     expect(ts1).toBe(ts2);
-    expect(store2.list()).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(store2.listByType(typeHash)).toHaveLength(1);
   });
 });
 
@@ -151,7 +153,7 @@ describe("createFsStore – has and list", () => {
     expect(store.has(hash)).toBe(true);
   });
 
-  test("list returns all stored hashes", async () => {
+  test("listByType returns all stored hashes for a type", async () => {
     const store = createFsStore(dir);
     const typeHash = await computeSelfHash({ name: "t" });
 
@@ -159,16 +161,16 @@ describe("createFsStore – has and list", () => {
     const h2 = await store.put(typeHash, { a: 2 });
     const h3 = await store.put(typeHash, { a: 3 });
 
-    const all = store.list();
+    const all = store.listByType(typeHash);
     expect(all).toHaveLength(3);
     expect(all).toContain(h1);
     expect(all).toContain(h2);
     expect(all).toContain(h3);
   });
 
-  test("list returns empty array on fresh store", () => {
+  test("listByType returns empty array on fresh store", () => {
     const store = createFsStore(dir);
-    expect(store.list()).toEqual([]);
+    expect(store.listByType("0000000000000")).toEqual([]);
   });
 
   test("get returns null for unknown hash", () => {
@@ -177,6 +179,88 @@ describe("createFsStore – has and list", () => {
   });
 });
 
+// ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// listByType and index migration
+// ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+describe("createFsStore – listByType", () => {
+  let dir: string;
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    dir = makeTmpDir();
+  });
+  afterEach(() => {
+    rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  });
+
+  test("returns empty array for unknown type", () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(dir);
+    expect(store.listByType("0000000000000")).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  test("returns all hashes for the given type", async () => {
+    const store = createFsStore(dir);
+    const typeHash = await computeSelfHash({ name: "t" });
+    const otherType = await computeSelfHash({ name: "other" });
+
+    const h1 = await store.put(typeHash, { a: 1 });
+    const h2 = await store.put(typeHash, { a: 2 });
+    await store.put(otherType, { b: 1 });
+
+    const byType = store.listByType(typeHash);
+    expect(byType).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(byType).toContain(h1);
+    expect(byType).toContain(h2);
+  });
+
+  test("listByType survives round-trip across store instances", async () => {
+    const typeHash = await computeSelfHash({ name: "persist-by-type" });
+
+    const store1 = createFsStore(dir);
+    const h1 = await store1.put(typeHash, { x: 1 });
+    const h2 = await store1.put(typeHash, { x: 2 });
+
+    const store2 = createFsStore(dir);
+    const byType = store2.listByType(typeHash);
+    expect(byType).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(byType).toContain(h1);
+    expect(byType).toContain(h2);
+  });
+
+  test("idempotent put does not duplicate in listByType", async () => {
+    const typeHash = await computeSelfHash({ name: "idempotent-index" });
+
+    const store1 = createFsStore(dir);
+    const hash = await store1.put(typeHash, { n: 7 });
+    await store1.put(typeHash, { n: 7 });
+
+    const store2 = createFsStore(dir);
+    expect(store2.listByType(typeHash)).toEqual([hash]);
+  });
+
+  test("rebuilds _index from .bin files when index is missing", async () => {
+    const typeHash = await computeSelfHash({ name: "migrate" });
+
+    const store1 = createFsStore(dir);
+    const h1 = await store1.put(typeHash, { a: 1 });
+    const h2 = await store1.put(typeHash, { a: 2 });
+
+    rmSync(join(dir, "_index"), { recursive: true, force: true });
+
+    const store2 = createFsStore(dir);
+    expect(store2.listByType(typeHash)).toEqual([h1, h2]);
+    expect(existsSync(join(dir, "_index", typeHash))).toBe(true);
+    expect(readdirSync(join(dir, "_index"))).toContain(typeHash);
+  });
+
+  test("bootstrap node is listed under its self type after reload", async () => {
+    const store1 = createFsStore(dir);
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store1);
+    const hash = builtinSchemas["@schema"] ?? "";
+
+    const store2 = createFsStore(dir);
+    expect(store2.listByType(hash)).toContain(hash);
+  });
+});
+
 // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 // verify on disk-loaded nodes
 // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -203,7 +287,8 @@ describe("createFsStore – verify on disk-loaded nodes", () => {
 
   test("verify passes on a disk-loaded bootstrap node", async () => {
     const store1 = createFsStore(dir);
-    const hash = await bootstrap(store1);
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store1);
+    const hash = builtinSchemas["@schema"] ?? "";
 
     const store2 = createFsStore(dir);
     const node = store2.get(hash) as CasNode;

packages/json-cas-fs/src/store.ts

@@ -1,16 +1,26 @@
 import {
+  appendFileSync,
+  existsSync,
   mkdirSync,
   readdirSync,
   readFileSync,
   renameSync,
+  unlinkSync,
   writeFileSync,
 } from "node:fs";
 import { join } from "node:path";
-import type { CasNode, Hash, Store } from "@uncaged/json-cas";
+import type { BootstrapCapableStore, CasNode, Hash } from "@uncaged/json-cas";
 
-import { cborEncode, computeHash, computeSelfHash } from "@uncaged/json-cas";
+import {
+  BOOTSTRAP_STORE,
+  cborEncode,
+  computeHash,
+  computeSelfHash,
+} from "@uncaged/json-cas";
 import { decode } from "cborg";
 
+const INDEX_DIR = "_index";
+
 function loadDir(dir: string, data: Map<Hash, CasNode>): void {
   let entries: string[];
   try {
@@ -31,20 +41,112 @@ function loadDir(dir: string, data: Map<Hash, CasNode>): void {
   }
 }
 
-export function createFsStore(dir: string): Store {
+function parseIndexFile(content: string): Hash[] {
+  if (content.length === 0) return [];
+  return content.split("\n").filter((line) => line.length > 0) as Hash[];
+}
+
+function loadTypeIndex(indexDir: string): Map<Hash, Hash[]> {
+  const typeIndex = new Map<Hash, Hash[]>();
+  let entries: string[];
+  try {
+    entries = readdirSync(indexDir);
+  } catch {
+    return typeIndex;
+  }
+  for (const typeHash of entries) {
+    try {
+      const content = readFileSync(join(indexDir, typeHash), "utf8");
+      typeIndex.set(typeHash as Hash, parseIndexFile(content));
+    } catch {
+      // skip unreadable index files
+    }
+  }
+  return typeIndex;
+}
+
+function buildTypeIndexFromNodes(data: Map<Hash, CasNode>): Map<Hash, Hash[]> {
+  const typeIndex = new Map<Hash, Hash[]>();
+  for (const [hash, node] of data) {
+    const list = typeIndex.get(node.type) ?? [];
+    list.push(hash);
+    typeIndex.set(node.type, list);
+  }
+  return typeIndex;
+}
+
+function writeTypeIndex(indexDir: string, typeIndex: Map<Hash, Hash[]>): void {
+  mkdirSync(indexDir, { recursive: true });
+  for (const [typeHash, hashes] of typeIndex) {
+    const body = hashes.length > 0 ? `${hashes.join("\n")}\n` : "";
+    writeFileSync(join(indexDir, typeHash), body, "utf8");
+  }
+}
+
+function loadOrMigrateTypeIndex(
+  dir: string,
+  data: Map<Hash, CasNode>,
+): Map<Hash, Hash[]> {
+  const indexDir = join(dir, INDEX_DIR);
+  if (!existsSync(indexDir)) {
+    const typeIndex = buildTypeIndexFromNodes(data);
+    if (typeIndex.size > 0) {
+      writeTypeIndex(indexDir, typeIndex);
+    }
+    return typeIndex;
+  }
+  return loadTypeIndex(indexDir);
+}
+
+function appendToTypeIndex(
+  indexDir: string,
+  typeIndex: Map<Hash, Hash[]>,
+  type: Hash,
+  hash: Hash,
+): void {
+  mkdirSync(indexDir, { recursive: true });
+  appendFileSync(join(indexDir, type), `${hash}\n`, "utf8");
+  const list = typeIndex.get(type) ?? [];
+  list.push(hash);
+  typeIndex.set(type, list);
+}
+
+export function createFsStore(dir: string): BootstrapCapableStore {
   const data = new Map<Hash, CasNode>();
   loadDir(dir, data);
+  const indexDir = join(dir, INDEX_DIR);
+  const typeIndex = loadOrMigrateTypeIndex(dir, data);
 
-  return {
-    async put(typeHash: Hash | null, payload: unknown): Promise<Hash> {
-      const hash =
-        typeHash === null
-          ? await computeSelfHash(payload)
-          : await computeHash(typeHash, payload);
+  async function putSelfReferencing(payload: unknown): Promise<Hash> {
+    const hash = await computeSelfHash(payload);
+    if (!data.has(hash)) {
+      const node: CasNode = { type: hash, payload, timestamp: Date.now() };
+      data.set(hash, node);
+
+      mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true });
+      const tmp = join(dir, `${hash}.tmp`);
+      const dest = join(dir, `${hash}.bin`);
+      writeFileSync(
+        tmp,
+        cborEncode({ type: hash, payload, timestamp: node.timestamp }),
+      );
+      renameSync(tmp, dest);
+
+      appendToTypeIndex(indexDir, typeIndex, hash, hash);
+    }
+    return hash;
+  }
+
+  const store: BootstrapCapableStore = {
+    async put(typeHash: Hash, payload: unknown): Promise<Hash> {
+      const hash = await computeHash(typeHash, payload);
 
       if (!data.has(hash)) {
-        const type = typeHash === null ? hash : typeHash;
-        const node: CasNode = { type, payload, timestamp: Date.now() };
+        const node: CasNode = {
+          type: typeHash,
+          payload,
+          timestamp: Date.now(),
+        };
         data.set(hash, node);
 
         mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true });
@@ -52,9 +154,11 @@ export function createFsStore(dir: string): Store {
         const dest = join(dir, `${hash}.bin`);
         writeFileSync(
           tmp,
-          cborEncode({ type, payload, timestamp: node.timestamp }),
+          cborEncode({ type: typeHash, payload, timestamp: node.timestamp }),
         );
         renameSync(tmp, dest);
+
+        appendToTypeIndex(indexDir, typeIndex, typeHash, hash);
       }
 
       return hash;
@@ -68,8 +172,50 @@ export function createFsStore(dir: string): Store {
       return data.has(hash);
     },
 
-    list(): Hash[] {
-      return [...data.keys()];
+    listByType(typeHash: Hash): Hash[] {
+      return typeIndex.get(typeHash) ?? [];
     },
+
+    listAll(): Hash[] {
+      return Array.from(data.keys());
+    },
+
+    delete(hash: Hash): void {
+      const node = data.get(hash);
+      if (node) {
+        data.delete(hash);
+        // Delete file
+        try {
+          unlinkSync(join(dir, `${hash}.bin`));
+        } catch {
+          // ignore if file doesn't exist
+        }
+        // Remove from type index
+        const list = typeIndex.get(node.type);
+        if (list) {
+          const idx = list.indexOf(hash);
+          if (idx !== -1) {
+            list.splice(idx, 1);
+          }
+          if (list.length === 0) {
+            typeIndex.delete(node.type);
+            // Delete empty index file
+            try {
+              unlinkSync(join(indexDir, node.type));
+            } catch {
+              // ignore
+            }
+          } else {
+            // Rewrite index file
+            const body = `${list.join("\n")}\n`;
+            writeFileSync(join(indexDir, node.type), body, "utf8");
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+
+    [BOOTSTRAP_STORE]: putSelfReferencing,
   };
+
+  return store;
 }

packages/json-cas-fs/tsconfig.json

@@ -4,5 +4,7 @@
     "rootDir": "src",
     "outDir": "dist"
   },
-  "include": ["src"]
+  "include": ["src"],
+  "exclude": ["src/**/*.test.ts"],
+  "references": [{ "path": "../json-cas" }]
 }

packages/json-cas-workflow/package.json

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "name": "@uncaged/json-cas-workflow",
-"version": "0.1.1",
-  "type": "module",
-  "main": "./src/index.ts",
-  "exports": {
-    ".": "./src/index.ts"
-  },
-  "scripts": {
-    "test": "bun test"
-  },
-  "dependencies": {
-    "@uncaged/json-cas": "workspace:^"
-  }
-}

packages/json-cas-workflow/src/index.test.ts

@@ -1,646 +0,0 @@
-import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
-import type { CasNode } from "@uncaged/json-cas";
-import {
-  createMemoryStore,
-  getSchema,
-  refs,
-  validate,
-  walk,
-} from "@uncaged/json-cas";
-import type { WorkflowSchemaHashes } from "./schemas.js";
-import { registerWorkflowSchemas } from "./schemas.js";
-
-// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-// Step 1: registerWorkflowSchemas() — registers all 11 schemas
-// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-describe("registerWorkflowSchemas", () => {
-  test("returns an object with all 11 schema hashes", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const hashes = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-
-    const keys: (keyof WorkflowSchemaHashes)[] = [
-      "agent",
-      "roleSchema",
-      "role",
-      "workflow",
-      "threadStart",
-      "threadStep",
-      "threadEnd",
-      "content",
-      "reactSession",
-      "reactTurn",
-      "reactToolCall",
-    ];
-    expect(Object.keys(hashes)).toHaveLength(11);
-    for (const key of keys) {
-      expect(hashes[key]).toBeDefined();
-    }
-  });
-
-  test("all hashes are valid 13-char Crockford Base32 strings", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const hashes = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-
-    for (const hash of Object.values(hashes)) {
-      expect(hash).toHaveLength(13);
-      expect(hash).toMatch(/^[0-9A-HJKMNP-TV-Z]{13}$/);
-    }
-  });
-
-  test("all 11 hashes are distinct", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const hashes = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-
-    const values = Object.values(hashes);
-    const unique = new Set(values);
-    expect(unique.size).toBe(11);
-  });
-
-  test("is idempotent: repeated calls return the same hashes", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const first = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const second = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-
-    for (const key of Object.keys(first) as (keyof WorkflowSchemaHashes)[]) {
-      expect(first[key]).toBe(second[key]);
-    }
-  });
-
-  test("schemas are stored in the store (getSchema returns non-null)", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const hashes = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-
-    for (const hash of Object.values(hashes)) {
-      expect(getSchema(store, hash)).not.toBeNull();
-    }
-  });
-});
-
-// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-// Step 2: getSchema() — schema round-trip for each of the 11 types
-// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-describe("getSchema round-trip", () => {
-  test("agent schema has the expected properties", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { agent } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const schema = getSchema(store, agent);
-
-    expect(schema).not.toBeNull();
-    expect(schema?.type).toBe("object");
-    const props = schema?.properties as Record<string, unknown>;
-    expect(props).toHaveProperty("package");
-    expect(props).toHaveProperty("version");
-    expect(props).toHaveProperty("config");
-  });
-
-  test("role schema references cas_ref for the schema field", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { role } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const schema = getSchema(store, role);
-
-    expect(schema).not.toBeNull();
-    const props = schema?.properties as Record<string, { format?: string }>;
-    expect(props.schema?.format).toBe("cas_ref");
-  });
-
-  test("thread-step schema has six required fields", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { threadStep } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const schema = getSchema(store, threadStep);
-
-    expect(schema?.required).toHaveLength(6);
-  });
-
-  test("react-turn schema has nested tokens object", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { reactTurn } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const schema = getSchema(store, reactTurn);
-
-    const props = schema?.properties as Record<
-      string,
-      { type: string; properties?: unknown }
-    >;
-    expect(props.tokens?.type).toBe("object");
-    expect(props.tokens?.properties).toBeDefined();
-  });
-
-  test("workflow schema has roles with additionalProperties cas_ref", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { workflow } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const schema = getSchema(store, workflow);
-
-    const props = schema?.properties as Record<
-      string,
-      { additionalProperties?: { format?: string } }
-    >;
-    expect(props.roles?.additionalProperties?.format).toBe("cas_ref");
-  });
-});
-
-// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-// Step 3: validate() — correct payloads pass for all 11 schema types
-// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-describe("validate – valid payloads", () => {
-  const HASH = "AAAAAAAAAAAAA";
-
-  test("agent payload is valid", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { agent } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(agent, {
-      package: "gpt-4o",
-      version: "2024-11",
-      config: { temperature: 0.7 },
-    });
-    expect(validate(store, store.get(h) as CasNode)).toBe(true);
-  });
-
-  test("role-schema payload is valid (any object)", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { roleSchema } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(roleSchema, {
-      type: "object",
-      properties: { answer: { type: "string" } },
-    });
-    expect(validate(store, store.get(h) as CasNode)).toBe(true);
-  });
-
-  test("role payload is valid", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { role } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(role, {
-      name: "analyst",
-      description: "Analyses data",
-      systemPrompt: "You are an analyst.",
-      extractPrompt: "Extract the findings.",
-      schema: HASH,
-    });
-    expect(validate(store, store.get(h) as CasNode)).toBe(true);
-  });
-
-  test("workflow payload is valid", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { workflow } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(workflow, {
-      name: "research",
-      description: "Research workflow",
-      roles: { analyst: HASH },
-      moderator: [{ from: "analyst", to: "analyst", when: null }],
-    });
-    expect(validate(store, store.get(h) as CasNode)).toBe(true);
-  });
-
-  test("thread-start payload is valid (null parentThread)", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { threadStart } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(threadStart, {
-      workflow: HASH,
-      input: "hello",
-      depth: 0,
-      parentThread: null,
-      agents: { main: HASH },
-    });
-    expect(validate(store, store.get(h) as CasNode)).toBe(true);
-  });
-
-  test("thread-start payload is valid (non-null parentThread)", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { threadStart } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(threadStart, {
-      workflow: HASH,
-      input: "nested",
-      depth: 1,
-      parentThread: HASH,
-      agents: {},
-    });
-    expect(validate(store, store.get(h) as CasNode)).toBe(true);
-  });
-
-  test("thread-step payload is valid (null previous)", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { threadStep } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(threadStep, {
-      role: "analyst",
-      meta: { attempt: 1 },
-      content: HASH,
-      react: HASH,
-      start: HASH,
-      previous: null,
-    });
-    expect(validate(store, store.get(h) as CasNode)).toBe(true);
-  });
-
-  test("thread-step payload is valid (non-null previous)", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { threadStep } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(threadStep, {
-      role: "analyst",
-      meta: {},
-      content: HASH,
-      react: HASH,
-      start: HASH,
-      previous: HASH,
-    });
-    expect(validate(store, store.get(h) as CasNode)).toBe(true);
-  });
-
-  test("thread-end payload is valid", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { threadEnd } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(threadEnd, {
-      returnCode: 0,
-      summary: "Done",
-      start: HASH,
-      lastStep: HASH,
-    });
-    expect(validate(store, store.get(h) as CasNode)).toBe(true);
-  });
-
-  test("content payload is valid", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { content } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(content, { text: "Hello, world!" });
-    expect(validate(store, store.get(h) as CasNode)).toBe(true);
-  });
-
-  test("react-session payload is valid (empty turns)", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { reactSession } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(reactSession, {
-      agent: HASH,
-      role: "analyst",
-      turns: [],
-      totalTokens: 0,
-      durationMs: 42,
-    });
-    expect(validate(store, store.get(h) as CasNode)).toBe(true);
-  });
-
-  test("react-session payload is valid (multiple turns)", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { reactSession } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(reactSession, {
-      agent: HASH,
-      role: "analyst",
-      turns: [HASH, HASH],
-      totalTokens: 300,
-      durationMs: 1500,
-    });
-    expect(validate(store, store.get(h) as CasNode)).toBe(true);
-  });
-
-  test("react-turn payload is valid", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { reactTurn } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(reactTurn, {
-      input: HASH,
-      output: HASH,
-      toolCalls: [HASH],
-      tokens: { input: 100, output: 50 },
-      latencyMs: 800,
-    });
-    expect(validate(store, store.get(h) as CasNode)).toBe(true);
-  });
-
-  test("react-tool-call payload is valid", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { reactToolCall } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(reactToolCall, {
-      name: "search",
-      arguments: HASH,
-      result: HASH,
-      durationMs: 200,
-    });
-    expect(validate(store, store.get(h) as CasNode)).toBe(true);
-  });
-});
-
-// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-// Step 4: validate() — invalid payloads fail for representative types
-// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-describe("validate – invalid payloads", () => {
-  test("agent: missing required field fails", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { agent } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(agent, { package: "gpt-4o", version: "1" });
-    expect(validate(store, store.get(h) as CasNode)).toBe(false);
-  });
-
-  test("agent: wrong type for config fails", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { agent } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(agent, {
-      package: "gpt-4o",
-      version: "1",
-      config: "not-an-object",
-    });
-    expect(validate(store, store.get(h) as CasNode)).toBe(false);
-  });
-
-  test("role: missing systemPrompt fails", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { role } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(role, {
-      name: "analyst",
-      description: "d",
-      extractPrompt: "e",
-      schema: "AAAAAAAAAAAAA",
-    });
-    expect(validate(store, store.get(h) as CasNode)).toBe(false);
-  });
-
-  test("thread-start: missing depth fails", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { threadStart } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(threadStart, {
-      workflow: "AAAAAAAAAAAAA",
-      input: "hi",
-      parentThread: null,
-      agents: {},
-    });
-    expect(validate(store, store.get(h) as CasNode)).toBe(false);
-  });
-
-  test("thread-end: returnCode as string fails", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { threadEnd } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(threadEnd, {
-      returnCode: "ok",
-      summary: "Done",
-      start: "AAAAAAAAAAAAA",
-      lastStep: "AAAAAAAAAAAAA",
-    });
-    expect(validate(store, store.get(h) as CasNode)).toBe(false);
-  });
-
-  test("content: missing text fails", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { content } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(content, {});
-    expect(validate(store, store.get(h) as CasNode)).toBe(false);
-  });
-
-  test("react-turn: tokens.input as string fails", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { reactTurn } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(reactTurn, {
-      input: "AAAAAAAAAAAAA",
-      output: "AAAAAAAAAAAAA",
-      toolCalls: [],
-      tokens: { input: "many", output: 50 },
-      latencyMs: 100,
-    });
-    expect(validate(store, store.get(h) as CasNode)).toBe(false);
-  });
-
-  test("react-tool-call: missing durationMs fails", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { reactToolCall } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(reactToolCall, {
-      name: "tool",
-      arguments: "AAAAAAAAAAAAA",
-      result: "AAAAAAAAAAAAA",
-    });
-    expect(validate(store, store.get(h) as CasNode)).toBe(false);
-  });
-});
-
-// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-// Step 5: refs() — extracts direct cas_ref fields from node payloads
-// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-describe("refs – cas_ref extraction", () => {
-  const HASH_A = "AAAAAAAAAAAAA";
-  const HASH_B = "BBBBBBBBBBBBB";
-
-  test("content node has no cas_ref fields → empty array", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { content } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(content, { text: "hello" });
-    const node = store.get(h) as CasNode;
-    expect(refs(store, node)).toEqual([]);
-  });
-
-  test("role node: refs() returns the schema cas_ref", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { role } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(role, {
-      name: "r",
-      description: "d",
-      systemPrompt: "s",
-      extractPrompt: "e",
-      schema: HASH_A,
-    });
-    const node = store.get(h) as CasNode;
-    expect(refs(store, node)).toContain(HASH_A);
-  });
-
-  test("thread-end: refs() returns start and lastStep", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { threadEnd } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(threadEnd, {
-      returnCode: 0,
-      summary: "done",
-      start: HASH_A,
-      lastStep: HASH_B,
-    });
-    const node = store.get(h) as CasNode;
-    const result = refs(store, node);
-    expect(result).toContain(HASH_A);
-    expect(result).toContain(HASH_B);
-    expect(result).toHaveLength(2);
-  });
-
-  test("react-tool-call: refs() returns arguments and result", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { reactToolCall } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(reactToolCall, {
-      name: "search",
-      arguments: HASH_A,
-      result: HASH_B,
-      durationMs: 100,
-    });
-    const node = store.get(h) as CasNode;
-    const result = refs(store, node);
-    expect(result).toContain(HASH_A);
-    expect(result).toContain(HASH_B);
-    expect(result).toHaveLength(2);
-  });
-
-  test("thread-step: refs() returns content, react, and start (previous null is skipped)", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { threadStep } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(threadStep, {
-      role: "r",
-      meta: {},
-      content: HASH_A,
-      react: HASH_B,
-      start: HASH_A,
-      previous: null,
-    });
-    const node = store.get(h) as CasNode;
-    const result = refs(store, node);
-    expect(result).toContain(HASH_A);
-    expect(result).toContain(HASH_B);
-  });
-
-  test("thread-step: refs() includes previous when non-null", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { threadStep } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const HASH_C = "CCCCCCCCCCCCC";
-    const h = await store.put(threadStep, {
-      role: "r",
-      meta: {},
-      content: HASH_A,
-      react: HASH_B,
-      start: HASH_A,
-      previous: HASH_C,
-    });
-    const node = store.get(h) as CasNode;
-    const result = refs(store, node);
-    expect(result).toContain(HASH_C);
-  });
-
-  test("react-session: refs() returns the agent cas_ref", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { reactSession } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const h = await store.put(reactSession, {
-      agent: HASH_A,
-      role: "r",
-      turns: [],
-      totalTokens: 0,
-      durationMs: 0,
-    });
-    const node = store.get(h) as CasNode;
-    expect(refs(store, node)).toContain(HASH_A);
-  });
-});
-
-// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-// Step 6: walk() — BFS traversal through linked workflow nodes
-// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-describe("walk – cross-schema traversal", () => {
-  test("walk visits content node linked from thread-end", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { threadEnd, content } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-
-    const contentHash = await store.put(content, { text: "summary text" });
-    const endHash = await store.put(threadEnd, {
-      returnCode: 0,
-      summary: "done",
-      start: contentHash,
-      lastStep: contentHash,
-    });
-
-    const visited = new Set<string>();
-    walk(store, endHash, (h) => visited.add(h));
-
-    expect(visited.has(endHash)).toBe(true);
-    expect(visited.has(contentHash)).toBe(true);
-  });
-
-  test("walk through role → (schema stored in store)", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { role, roleSchema } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-
-    const schemaDocHash = await store.put(roleSchema, {
-      type: "object",
-      properties: { answer: { type: "string" } },
-    });
-    const roleHash = await store.put(role, {
-      name: "analyst",
-      description: "d",
-      systemPrompt: "s",
-      extractPrompt: "e",
-      schema: schemaDocHash,
-    });
-
-    const visited = new Set<string>();
-    walk(store, roleHash, (h) => visited.add(h));
-
-    expect(visited.has(roleHash)).toBe(true);
-    expect(visited.has(schemaDocHash)).toBe(true);
-  });
-
-  test("walk handles diamond: two thread-end nodes sharing the same start", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { threadEnd, content } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-
-    const sharedStart = await store.put(content, { text: "start" });
-    const step1 = await store.put(content, { text: "step1" });
-    const step2 = await store.put(content, { text: "step2" });
-
-    const end1 = await store.put(threadEnd, {
-      returnCode: 0,
-      summary: "path A",
-      start: sharedStart,
-      lastStep: step1,
-    });
-    const end2 = await store.put(threadEnd, {
-      returnCode: 1,
-      summary: "path B",
-      start: sharedStart,
-      lastStep: step2,
-    });
-
-    // Use react-turn as the root linking both ends via input/output
-    const { reactTurn } = await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-    const turnHash = await store.put(reactTurn, {
-      input: end1,
-      output: end2,
-      toolCalls: [],
-      tokens: { input: 10, output: 5 },
-      latencyMs: 50,
-    });
-
-    const visited = new Set<string>();
-    walk(store, turnHash, (h) => visited.add(h));
-
-    expect(visited.has(turnHash)).toBe(true);
-    expect(visited.has(end1)).toBe(true);
-    expect(visited.has(end2)).toBe(true);
-    // sharedStart is reached from both end1 and end2, but visited only once
-    expect(visited.has(sharedStart)).toBe(true);
-    expect(visited.has(step1)).toBe(true);
-    expect(visited.has(step2)).toBe(true);
-  });
-
-  test("walk visits react-tool-call linked from react-turn", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const { reactTurn, reactToolCall, content } =
-      await registerWorkflowSchemas(store);
-
-    const argsHash = await store.put(content, { text: '{"q":"test"}' });
-    const resultHash = await store.put(content, { text: '{"r":"ok"}' });
-    const toolCallHash = await store.put(reactToolCall, {
-      name: "search",
-      arguments: argsHash,
-      result: resultHash,
-      durationMs: 120,
-    });
-
-    const inputHash = await store.put(content, { text: "input" });
-    const outputHash = await store.put(content, { text: "output" });
-    const turnHash = await store.put(reactTurn, {
-      input: inputHash,
-      output: outputHash,
-      toolCalls: [],
-      tokens: { input: 80, output: 40 },
-      latencyMs: 600,
-    });
-
-    const visited = new Set<string>();
-    walk(store, turnHash, (h) => visited.add(h));
-
-    expect(visited.has(turnHash)).toBe(true);
-    expect(visited.has(inputHash)).toBe(true);
-    expect(visited.has(outputHash)).toBe(true);
-    // toolCallHash is not in the turn's cas_ref fields (toolCalls array), only linked manually
-    expect(visited.has(toolCallHash)).toBe(false);
-
-    // walk from toolCallHash to verify it reaches args and result
-    const tcVisited = new Set<string>();
-    walk(store, toolCallHash, (h) => tcVisited.add(h));
-    expect(tcVisited.has(toolCallHash)).toBe(true);
-    expect(tcVisited.has(argsHash)).toBe(true);
-    expect(tcVisited.has(resultHash)).toBe(true);
-  });
-});

packages/json-cas-workflow/src/index.ts

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-export {
-  registerWorkflowSchemas,
-  type WorkflowSchemaHashes,
-} from "./schemas.js";
-export type {
-  AgentPayload,
-  ContentPayload,
-  ReactSessionPayload,
-  ReactToolCallPayload,
-  ReactTurnPayload,
-  ReactTurnTokens,
-  RolePayload,
-  RoleSchemaPayload,
-  ThreadEndPayload,
-  ThreadStartPayload,
-  ThreadStepPayload,
-  WorkflowPayload,
-  WorkflowTransition,
-} from "./types.js";

packages/json-cas-workflow/src/schemas.ts

@@ -1,236 +0,0 @@
-import type { Hash, Store } from "@uncaged/json-cas";
-import { type JSONSchema, putSchema } from "@uncaged/json-cas";
-
-// ── Definition layer ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-const AGENT: JSONSchema = {
-  type: "object",
-  required: ["package", "version", "config"],
-  properties: {
-    package: { type: "string" },
-    version: { type: "string" },
-    config: { type: "object" },
-  },
-  additionalProperties: false,
-};
-
-/** role-schema nodes hold raw JSON Schema documents, so any object is valid. */
-const ROLE_SCHEMA: JSONSchema = {
-  type: "object",
-};
-
-const ROLE: JSONSchema = {
-  type: "object",
-  required: ["name", "description", "systemPrompt", "extractPrompt", "schema"],
-  properties: {
-    name: { type: "string" },
-    description: { type: "string" },
-    systemPrompt: { type: "string" },
-    extractPrompt: { type: "string" },
-    schema: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
-  },
-  additionalProperties: false,
-};
-
-const WORKFLOW: JSONSchema = {
-  type: "object",
-  required: ["name", "description", "roles", "moderator"],
-  properties: {
-    name: { type: "string" },
-    description: { type: "string" },
-    roles: {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
-    },
-    moderator: {
-      type: "array",
-      items: {
-        type: "object",
-        required: ["from", "to", "when"],
-        properties: {
-          from: { type: "string" },
-          to: { type: "string" },
-          when: { anyOf: [{ type: "string" }, { type: "null" }] },
-        },
-        additionalProperties: false,
-      },
-    },
-  },
-  additionalProperties: false,
-};
-
-// ── Execution layer ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-const THREAD_START: JSONSchema = {
-  type: "object",
-  required: ["workflow", "input", "depth", "parentThread", "agents"],
-  properties: {
-    workflow: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
-    input: { type: "string" },
-    depth: { type: "number" },
-    parentThread: {
-      anyOf: [{ type: "string", format: "cas_ref" }, { type: "null" }],
-    },
-    agents: {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
-    },
-  },
-  additionalProperties: false,
-};
-
-const THREAD_STEP: JSONSchema = {
-  type: "object",
-  required: ["role", "meta", "content", "react", "start", "previous"],
-  properties: {
-    role: { type: "string" },
-    meta: { type: "object" },
-    content: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
-    react: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
-    start: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
-    previous: {
-      anyOf: [{ type: "string", format: "cas_ref" }, { type: "null" }],
-    },
-  },
-  additionalProperties: false,
-};
-
-const THREAD_END: JSONSchema = {
-  type: "object",
-  required: ["returnCode", "summary", "start", "lastStep"],
-  properties: {
-    returnCode: { type: "number" },
-    summary: { type: "string" },
-    start: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
-    lastStep: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
-  },
-  additionalProperties: false,
-};
-
-const CONTENT: JSONSchema = {
-  type: "object",
-  required: ["text"],
-  properties: {
-    text: { type: "string" },
-  },
-  additionalProperties: false,
-};
-
-// ── React layer ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-const REACT_SESSION: JSONSchema = {
-  type: "object",
-  required: ["agent", "role", "turns", "totalTokens", "durationMs"],
-  properties: {
-    agent: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
-    role: { type: "string" },
-    turns: {
-      type: "array",
-      items: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
-    },
-    totalTokens: { type: "number" },
-    durationMs: { type: "number" },
-  },
-  additionalProperties: false,
-};
-
-const REACT_TURN: JSONSchema = {
-  type: "object",
-  required: ["input", "output", "toolCalls", "tokens", "latencyMs"],
-  properties: {
-    input: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
-    output: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
-    toolCalls: {
-      type: "array",
-      items: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
-    },
-    tokens: {
-      type: "object",
-      required: ["input", "output"],
-      properties: {
-        input: { type: "number" },
-        output: { type: "number" },
-      },
-      additionalProperties: false,
-    },
-    latencyMs: { type: "number" },
-  },
-  additionalProperties: false,
-};
-
-const REACT_TOOL_CALL: JSONSchema = {
-  type: "object",
-  required: ["name", "arguments", "result", "durationMs"],
-  properties: {
-    name: { type: "string" },
-    arguments: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
-    result: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
-    durationMs: { type: "number" },
-  },
-  additionalProperties: false,
-};
-
-// ── Registry ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-export type WorkflowSchemaHashes = {
-  agent: Hash;
-  roleSchema: Hash;
-  role: Hash;
-  workflow: Hash;
-  threadStart: Hash;
-  threadStep: Hash;
-  threadEnd: Hash;
-  content: Hash;
-  reactSession: Hash;
-  reactTurn: Hash;
-  reactToolCall: Hash;
-};
-
-/**
- * Register all 11 workflow schemas into the given store.
- * Returns a map from camelCase schema name to its CAS type hash.
- * Idempotent: safe to call multiple times on the same store.
- */
-export async function registerWorkflowSchemas(
-  store: Store,
-): Promise<WorkflowSchemaHashes> {
-  const [
-    agent,
-    roleSchema,
-    role,
-    workflow,
-    threadStart,
-    threadStep,
-    threadEnd,
-    content,
-    reactSession,
-    reactTurn,
-    reactToolCall,
-  ] = await Promise.all([
-    putSchema(store, AGENT),
-    putSchema(store, ROLE_SCHEMA),
-    putSchema(store, ROLE),
-    putSchema(store, WORKFLOW),
-    putSchema(store, THREAD_START),
-    putSchema(store, THREAD_STEP),
-    putSchema(store, THREAD_END),
-    putSchema(store, CONTENT),
-    putSchema(store, REACT_SESSION),
-    putSchema(store, REACT_TURN),
-    putSchema(store, REACT_TOOL_CALL),
-  ]);
-
-  return {
-    agent,
-    roleSchema,
-    role,
-    workflow,
-    threadStart,
-    threadStep,
-    threadEnd,
-    content,
-    reactSession,
-    reactTurn,
-    reactToolCall,
-  };
-}

packages/json-cas-workflow/src/types.ts

@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-import type { Hash } from "@uncaged/json-cas";
-
-// ── Definition layer ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-export type AgentPayload = {
-  package: string;
-  version: string;
-  config: Record<string, unknown>;
-};
-
-/** A JSON Schema document stored as-is. */
-export type RoleSchemaPayload = Record<string, unknown>;
-
-export type RolePayload = {
-  name: string;
-  description: string;
-  systemPrompt: string;
-  extractPrompt: string;
-  /** cas_ref → role-schema */
-  schema: Hash;
-};
-
-export type WorkflowTransition = {
-  from: string;
-  to: string;
-  when: string | null;
-};
-
-export type WorkflowPayload = {
-  name: string;
-  description: string;
-  /** cas_ref → role */
-  roles: Record<string, Hash>;
-  moderator: WorkflowTransition[];
-};
-
-// ── Execution layer ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-export type ThreadStartPayload = {
-  /** cas_ref → workflow */
-  workflow: Hash;
-  input: string;
-  depth: number;
-  /** cas_ref → thread-start | null */
-  parentThread: Hash | null;
-  /** cas_ref → agent */
-  agents: Record<string, Hash>;
-};
-
-export type ThreadStepPayload = {
-  role: string;
-  meta: Record<string, unknown>;
-  /** cas_ref → content */
-  content: Hash;
-  /** cas_ref → react-session */
-  react: Hash;
-  /** cas_ref → thread-start */
-  start: Hash;
-  /** cas_ref → thread-step | null */
-  previous: Hash | null;
-};
-
-export type ThreadEndPayload = {
-  returnCode: number;
-  summary: string;
-  /** cas_ref → thread-start */
-  start: Hash;
-  /** cas_ref → thread-step */
-  lastStep: Hash;
-};
-
-export type ContentPayload = {
-  text: string;
-};
-
-// ── React layer ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-export type ReactSessionPayload = {
-  /** cas_ref → agent */
-  agent: Hash;
-  role: string;
-  /** cas_ref → react-turn */
-  turns: Hash[];
-  totalTokens: number;
-  durationMs: number;
-};
-
-export type ReactTurnTokens = {
-  input: number;
-  output: number;
-};
-
-export type ReactTurnPayload = {
-  /** cas_ref → content */
-  input: Hash;
-  /** cas_ref → content */
-  output: Hash;
-  /** cas_ref → react-tool-call */
-  toolCalls: Hash[];
-  tokens: ReactTurnTokens;
-  latencyMs: number;
-};
-
-export type ReactToolCallPayload = {
-  name: string;
-  /** cas_ref → content (arguments) */
-  arguments: Hash;
-  /** cas_ref → content (result) */
-  result: Hash;
-  durationMs: number;
-};

packages/json-cas-workflow/tsconfig.json

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "extends": "../../tsconfig.json",
-  "compilerOptions": {
-    "rootDir": "src",
-    "outDir": "dist"
-  },
-  "include": ["src"]
-}

packages/json-cas/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# @uncaged/json-cas
+
+## 0.5.3
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- feat: add oneOf support to meta-schema validation
+
+  Added `oneOf` to `ALLOWED_SCHEMA_KEYS` and corresponding validation logic
+  in `isValidSchema`. This enables workflow frontmatter schemas that use
+  `oneOf` discriminated unions for multi-exit role definitions.
+
+## 0.3.0
+
+### Minor Changes
+
+- Disallow self-referencing nodes in put(). typeHash is now required (no null). Self-ref only via bootstrap().
+
+## 0.2.0
+
+### Minor Changes
+
+- Add listByType(typeHash) to Store interface for O(1) type-based queries, with append-only fs index
+
+## 0.1.3

packages/json-cas/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+# @uncaged/json-cas
+
+Core CAS engine — hashing, schema, store, verify, bootstrap.
+
+## Overview
+
+`@uncaged/json-cas` is the foundation of the json-cas monorepo. It defines content-addressed nodes (`CasNode`), the `Store` interface, XXH64-based hashing with deterministic CBOR, JSON Schema registration and validation (including `cas_ref` links between nodes), bootstrap seeding, and integrity verification.
+
+Other packages build on this layer: `json-cas-fs` provides persistence, and `cli-json-cas` exposes store operations on the command line.
+
+**Dependencies:** `ajv`, `cborg`, `xxhash-wasm`
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+bun add @uncaged/json-cas
+```
+
+## API
+
+All symbols below are exported from `src/index.ts`.
+
+### Types
+
+```typescript
+/** 13-character uppercase Crockford Base32 (XXH64) */
+type Hash = string;
+
+type CasNode<T = unknown> = {
+  type: Hash;
+  payload: T;
+  timestamp: number; // Unix epoch ms
+};
+
+type Store = {
+  put(typeHash: Hash, payload: unknown): Promise<Hash>;
+  get(hash: Hash): CasNode | null;
+  has(hash: Hash): boolean;
+  listByType(typeHash: Hash): Hash[];
+};
+
+type JSONSchema = Record<string, unknown>;
+
+type BootstrapCapableStore = Store & {
+  [BOOTSTRAP_STORE](payload: unknown): Promise<Hash>;
+};
+```
+
+### Hashing
+
+```typescript
+function computeHash(typeHash: Hash, payload: unknown): Promise<Hash>;
+function computeSelfHash(payload: unknown): Promise<Hash>;
+function cborEncode(value: unknown): Uint8Array;
+```
+
+`computeHash` — `XXH64(utf8(typeHash) ++ CBOR(payload))` for normal nodes.
+
+`computeSelfHash` — `XXH64(CBOR(payload))` for bootstrap nodes where `type === hash`.
+
+### Bootstrap
+
+```typescript
+const BOOTSTRAP_STORE: unique symbol;
+
+async function bootstrap(store: Store): Promise<Hash>;
+```
+
+Writes the meta-schema seed node (idempotent). Requires a `BootstrapCapableStore` (e.g. from `createMemoryStore()`).
+
+### Schema
+
+```typescript
+class SchemaValidationError extends Error;
+
+async function putSchema(store: Store, jsonSchema: JSONSchema): Promise<Hash>;
+function getSchema(store: Store, typeHash: Hash): JSONSchema | null;
+function validate(store: Store, node: CasNode): boolean;
+function refs(store: Store, node: CasNode): Hash[];
+function walk(
+  store: Store,
+  rootHash: Hash,
+  visitor: (hash: Hash, node: CasNode) => void,
+): void;
+```
+
+- `putSchema` — stores a schema typed by the meta-schema; returned hash is the `typeHash` for conforming payloads.
+- `refs` — collects all `format: "cas_ref"` values in the payload per schema shape.
+- `walk` — BFS from `rootHash`, following `cas_ref` edges; cycles are visited once.
+
+### Store
+
+```typescript
+function createMemoryStore(): BootstrapCapableStore;
+```
+
+In-memory `Store` with type indexing, suitable for tests and ephemeral use.
+
+### Verify
+
+```typescript
+async function verify(hash: Hash, node: CasNode): Promise<boolean>;
+```
+
+Recomputes hash from `node` and compares to `hash` (self-referencing vs normal rules).
+
+### Example
+
+```typescript
+import {
+  bootstrap,
+  createMemoryStore,
+  putSchema,
+  refs,
+  validate,
+  walk,
+} from "@uncaged/json-cas";
+
+const store = createMemoryStore();
+const metaHash = await bootstrap(store);
+
+const personType = await putSchema(store, {
+  type: "object",
+  properties: {
+    name: { type: "string" },
+    friend: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
+  },
+  required: ["name"],
+  additionalProperties: false,
+});
+
+const aliceHash = await store.put(personType, { name: "Alice" });
+const bobHash = await store.put(personType, {
+  name: "Bob",
+  friend: aliceHash,
+});
+
+const bob = store.get(bobHash)!;
+console.log(validate(store, bob));           // true
+console.log(refs(store, bob));               // [aliceHash]
+walk(store, bobHash, (h) => console.log(h)); // bobHash, aliceHash
+```
+
+## Internal Structure
+
+| File | Purpose |
+|------|---------|
+| `types.ts` | `Hash`, `CasNode`, `Store` |
+| `hash.ts` | `computeHash`, `computeSelfHash` |
+| `cbor.ts` | Deterministic CBOR encoding |
+| `bootstrap-capable.ts` | `BOOTSTRAP_STORE` symbol and capability check |
+| `bootstrap.ts` | Meta-schema seed and `bootstrap()` |
+| `store.ts` | `createMemoryStore()` |
+| `mem-store.ts` | Alternate in-memory store (tests only; not exported) |
+| `schema.ts` | Schema put/get/validate, `refs`, `walk` |
+| `verify.ts` | Node integrity verification |
+| `index.ts` | Public exports |
+
+Tests live in `src/*.test.ts` and `tests/`.

packages/json-cas/package.json

@@ -1,13 +1,22 @@
 {
   "name": "@uncaged/json-cas",
-"version": "0.1.1",
+  "version": "0.5.3",
   "type": "module",
-  "main": "./src/index.ts",
+  "main": "./dist/index.js",
+  "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
   "exports": {
-    ".": "./src/index.ts"
+    ".": {
+      "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
+      "import": "./dist/index.js"
+    }
   },
+  "files": [
+    "dist",
+    "src"
+  ],
   "scripts": {
-    "test": "bun test"
+    "test": "bun test",
+    "prepublishOnly": "echo '请用 bun run release 从根目录发版' && exit 1"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "ajv": "^8.20.0",

packages/json-cas/src/bootstrap-capable.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import type { Hash, Store } from "./types.js";
+
+/** @internal Store implementations attach this for bootstrap() only. */
+export const BOOTSTRAP_STORE = Symbol.for("@uncaged/json-cas/bootstrap-store");
+
+export type BootstrapCapableStore = Store & {
+  [BOOTSTRAP_STORE](payload: unknown): Promise<Hash>;
+};
+
+export function isBootstrapCapableStore(
+  store: Store,
+): store is BootstrapCapableStore {
+  return (
+    typeof (store as BootstrapCapableStore)[BOOTSTRAP_STORE] === "function"
+  );
+}

packages/json-cas/src/bootstrap.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
+import { bootstrap } from "./bootstrap.js";
+import { getSchema } from "./schema.js";
+import { createMemoryStore } from "./store.js";
+
+// ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// Built-in Schema Registration Tests
+// ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe("bootstrap - Built-in Schemas", () => {
+  test("should return map of built-in schema aliases to hashes", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+
+    // Should return object with 6 aliases
+    expect(builtinSchemas).toHaveProperty("@schema");
+    expect(builtinSchemas).toHaveProperty("@string");
+    expect(builtinSchemas).toHaveProperty("@number");
+    expect(builtinSchemas).toHaveProperty("@object");
+    expect(builtinSchemas).toHaveProperty("@array");
+    expect(builtinSchemas).toHaveProperty("@bool");
+
+    // All values should be valid hashes
+    for (const [_alias, hash] of Object.entries(builtinSchemas)) {
+      expect(typeof hash).toBe("string");
+      expect(hash).toMatch(/^[0-9A-HJKMNP-TV-Z]{13}$/);
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("should register @schema as meta-schema alias", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const metaHash = builtinSchemas["@schema"];
+    if (!metaHash) throw new Error("@schema not found");
+
+    const metaSchema = getSchema(store, metaHash);
+    expect(metaSchema).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(metaSchema?.type).toBe("object");
+    expect(metaSchema?.description).toBe("json-cas JSON Schema meta-schema");
+  });
+
+  test("should register @string schema correctly", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const stringHash = builtinSchemas["@string"];
+    if (!stringHash) throw new Error("@string not found");
+
+    const stringSchema = getSchema(store, stringHash);
+    expect(stringSchema).toEqual({ type: "string" });
+  });
+
+  test("should register @number schema correctly", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const numberHash = builtinSchemas["@number"];
+    if (!numberHash) throw new Error("@number not found");
+
+    const numberSchema = getSchema(store, numberHash);
+    expect(numberSchema).toEqual({ type: "number" });
+  });
+
+  test("should register @object schema correctly", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const objectHash = builtinSchemas["@object"];
+    if (!objectHash) throw new Error("@object not found");
+
+    const objectSchema = getSchema(store, objectHash);
+    expect(objectSchema).toEqual({ type: "object" });
+  });
+
+  test("should register @array schema correctly", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const arrayHash = builtinSchemas["@array"];
+    if (!arrayHash) throw new Error("@array not found");
+
+    const arraySchema = getSchema(store, arrayHash);
+    expect(arraySchema).toEqual({ type: "array" });
+  });
+
+  test("should register @bool schema correctly", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const boolHash = builtinSchemas["@bool"];
+    if (!boolHash) throw new Error("@bool not found");
+
+    const boolSchema = getSchema(store, boolHash);
+    expect(boolSchema).toEqual({ type: "boolean" });
+  });
+
+  test("should return same hashes on repeated bootstrap calls", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    const first = await bootstrap(store);
+    const second = await bootstrap(store);
+
+    expect(first).toEqual(second);
+
+    // Verify each alias points to same hash
+    expect(first["@string"]).toBe(second["@string"]);
+    expect(first["@number"]).toBe(second["@number"]);
+    expect(first["@object"]).toBe(second["@object"]);
+    expect(first["@array"]).toBe(second["@array"]);
+    expect(first["@bool"]).toBe(second["@bool"]);
+    expect(first["@schema"]).toBe(second["@schema"]);
+  });
+
+  test("all built-in schemas should be typed by meta-schema", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const metaHash = builtinSchemas["@schema"];
+    if (!metaHash) throw new Error("@schema not found");
+
+    for (const [alias, hash] of Object.entries(builtinSchemas)) {
+      if (alias === "@schema") continue; // meta-schema is self-typed
+
+      const node = store.get(hash);
+      expect(node).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(node?.type).toBe(metaHash);
+    }
+  });
+});

packages/json-cas/src/bootstrap.ts

@@ -1,27 +1,95 @@
+import {
+  BOOTSTRAP_STORE,
+  isBootstrapCapableStore,
+} from "./bootstrap-capable.js";
 import type { Hash, Store } from "./types.js";
 
+const JSON_SCHEMA_TYPES = [
+  "string",
+  "number",
+  "integer",
+  "boolean",
+  "object",
+  "array",
+  "null",
+] as const;
+
 /**
- * The meta-schema seed payload: describes the structure of every CAS node.
- * This is the root type from which all other type nodes derive.
+ * Self-describing JSON Schema meta-schema for the supported schema subset.
+ * Stored as the bootstrap node's payload; its hash equals the node's type field.
  */
 const BOOTSTRAP_PAYLOAD = {
-  description: "json-cas meta-schema seed",
-  hashAlgorithm: "xxh64",
-  hashEncoding: "crockford-base32-13",
-  nodeSchema: {
-    payload: "any",
-    timestamp: "number",
-    type: "Hash",
+  type: "object",
+  additionalProperties: false,
+  description: "json-cas JSON Schema meta-schema",
+  properties: {
+    type: {
+      anyOf: [
+        { type: "string", enum: [...JSON_SCHEMA_TYPES] },
+        {
+          type: "array",
+          items: { type: "string", enum: [...JSON_SCHEMA_TYPES] },
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    properties: {
+      type: "object",
+      additionalProperties: { type: "object", additionalProperties: false },
+    },
+    required: {
+      type: "array",
+      items: { type: "string" },
+    },
+    additionalProperties: {
+      anyOf: [
+        { type: "boolean" },
+        { type: "object", additionalProperties: false },
+      ],
+    },
+    anyOf: {
+      type: "array",
+      items: { type: "object", additionalProperties: false },
+    },
+    oneOf: {
+      type: "array",
+      items: { type: "object", additionalProperties: false },
+    },
+    items: { type: "object", additionalProperties: false },
+    format: { type: "string" },
+    title: { type: "string" },
+    enum: { type: "array" },
+    const: {},
+    description: { type: "string" },
   },
-  payloadEncoding: "cbor-rfc8949-deterministic",
-  version: "1",
 } as const;
 
 /**
- * Write the meta-schema seed node into the store.
- * The returned hash equals the node's own type field (self-referencing).
- * Idempotent: calling bootstrap multiple times returns the same hash.
+ * Write the meta-schema seed node into the store and register built-in schemas.
+ * The returned object contains aliases for the meta-schema and 5 primitive schemas.
+ * Idempotent: calling bootstrap multiple times returns the same hashes.
  */
-export async function bootstrap(store: Store): Promise<Hash> {
-  return store.put(null, BOOTSTRAP_PAYLOAD);
+export async function bootstrap(store: Store): Promise<Record<string, Hash>> {
+  if (!isBootstrapCapableStore(store)) {
+    throw new Error("Store does not support bootstrap");
+  }
+
+  // 1. Bootstrap the meta-schema (self-referential)
+  const metaHash = await store[BOOTSTRAP_STORE](BOOTSTRAP_PAYLOAD);
+
+  // 2. Register built-in primitive schemas directly (without putSchema to avoid recursion)
+  const stringHash = await store.put(metaHash, { type: "string" });
+  const numberHash = await store.put(metaHash, { type: "number" });
+  const objectHash = await store.put(metaHash, { type: "object" });
+  const arrayHash = await store.put(metaHash, { type: "array" });
+  const boolHash = await store.put(metaHash, { type: "boolean" });
+
+  // 3. Return map of aliases to hashes
+  return {
+    "@schema": metaHash,
+    "@string": stringHash,
+    "@number": numberHash,
+    "@object": objectHash,
+    "@array": arrayHash,
+    "@bool": boolHash,
+  };
 }

packages/json-cas/src/gc.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
+import { unlinkSync } from "node:fs";
+import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
+import { join } from "node:path";
+import { bootstrap } from "./bootstrap.js";
+import { gc } from "./gc.js";
+import { putSchema } from "./schema.js";
+import { createMemoryStore } from "./store.js";
+import type { Store } from "./types.js";
+import { VariableStore } from "./variable-store.js";
+
+const tmpDbPath = () =>
+  join(
+    tmpdir(),
+    `test-gc-${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2)}.db`,
+  );
+
+describe("GC - Variable Model Refactoring", () => {
+  let store: Store;
+  let dbPath: string;
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    try {
+      unlinkSync(dbPath);
+    } catch {
+      // Ignore cleanup errors
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("GC preserves variable-referenced nodes", async () => {
+    store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const schema = { type: "object", properties: { name: { type: "string" } } };
+    const schemaHash = await putSchema(store, schema);
+
+    const hashRef = await store.put(schemaHash, { name: "referenced" });
+    const hashOrphan = await store.put(schemaHash, { name: "orphan" });
+
+    dbPath = tmpDbPath();
+    const varStore = new VariableStore(dbPath, store);
+
+    varStore.set("config", hashRef);
+
+    const stats = gc(store, varStore);
+
+    expect(store.has(hashRef)).toBe(true);
+    expect(store.has(hashOrphan)).toBe(false);
+    expect(stats.scanned).toBe(1);
+    expect(stats.collected).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+
+    varStore.close();
+  });
+
+  test("GC preserves nodes from variables with same name, different schemas", async () => {
+    store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const schemaA = { type: "object", properties: { x: { type: "number" } } };
+    const schemaB = { type: "object", properties: { y: { type: "string" } } };
+    const schemaAHash = await putSchema(store, schemaA);
+    const schemaBHash = await putSchema(store, schemaB);
+
+    const hashA = await store.put(schemaAHash, { x: 42 });
+    const hashB = await store.put(schemaBHash, { y: "hello" });
+    const hashOrphan = await store.put(schemaAHash, { x: 99 });
+
+    dbPath = tmpDbPath();
+    const varStore = new VariableStore(dbPath, store);
+
+    varStore.set("config", hashA);
+    varStore.set("config", hashB);
+
+    const stats = gc(store, varStore);
+
+    expect(store.has(hashA)).toBe(true);
+    expect(store.has(hashB)).toBe(true);
+    expect(store.has(hashOrphan)).toBe(false);
+    expect(stats.scanned).toBe(2);
+
+    varStore.close();
+  });
+
+  test("GC removes nodes after variable deletion", async () => {
+    store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const schema = { type: "object", properties: { name: { type: "string" } } };
+    const schemaHash = await putSchema(store, schema);
+
+    const hashRef = await store.put(schemaHash, { name: "referenced" });
+
+    dbPath = tmpDbPath();
+    const varStore = new VariableStore(dbPath, store);
+
+    varStore.set("config", hashRef);
+    varStore.remove("config", schemaHash);
+
+    const stats = gc(store, varStore);
+
+    expect(store.has(hashRef)).toBe(false);
+    expect(stats.scanned).toBe(0);
+
+    varStore.close();
+  });
+
+  test("GC is global across all variables", async () => {
+    store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const schemaA = { type: "object", properties: { x: { type: "number" } } };
+    const schemaB = { type: "object", properties: { y: { type: "string" } } };
+    const schemaAHash = await putSchema(store, schemaA);
+    const schemaBHash = await putSchema(store, schemaB);
+
+    const hash1 = await store.put(schemaAHash, { x: 1 });
+    const hash2 = await store.put(schemaAHash, { x: 2 });
+    const hash3 = await store.put(schemaBHash, { y: "a" });
+    const hashOrphan = await store.put(schemaAHash, { x: 999 });
+
+    dbPath = tmpDbPath();
+    const varStore = new VariableStore(dbPath, store);
+
+    varStore.set("uwf.thread", hash1);
+    varStore.set("uwf.workflow", hash2);
+    varStore.set("app.config", hash3);
+
+    const stats = gc(store, varStore);
+
+    expect(store.has(hash1)).toBe(true);
+    expect(store.has(hash2)).toBe(true);
+    expect(store.has(hash3)).toBe(true);
+    expect(store.has(hashOrphan)).toBe(false);
+    expect(stats.scanned).toBe(3);
+
+    varStore.close();
+  });
+
+  test("GC integration with refactored variable store", async () => {
+    store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const schemaA = { type: "object", properties: { x: { type: "number" } } };
+    const schemaB = { type: "object", properties: { y: { type: "string" } } };
+    const schemaAHash = await putSchema(store, schemaA);
+    const schemaBHash = await putSchema(store, schemaB);
+
+    const hashA1 = await store.put(schemaAHash, { x: 1 });
+    const hashA2 = await store.put(schemaAHash, { x: 2 });
+    const hashB = await store.put(schemaBHash, { y: "hello" });
+    const hashOrphan1 = await store.put(schemaAHash, { x: 999 });
+    const hashOrphan2 = await store.put(schemaBHash, { y: "orphan" });
+
+    dbPath = tmpDbPath();
+    const varStore = new VariableStore(dbPath, store);
+
+    // Create variables
+    varStore.set("var1", hashA1);
+    varStore.set("var2", hashA2);
+    varStore.set("var3", hashB);
+
+    // First GC: orphans removed
+    let stats = gc(store, varStore);
+    expect(store.has(hashA1)).toBe(true);
+    expect(store.has(hashA2)).toBe(true);
+    expect(store.has(hashB)).toBe(true);
+    expect(store.has(hashOrphan1)).toBe(false);
+    expect(store.has(hashOrphan2)).toBe(false);
+    expect(stats.scanned).toBe(3);
+
+    // Delete one variable
+    varStore.remove("var2", schemaAHash);
+
+    // Second GC: hashA2 removed
+    stats = gc(store, varStore);
+    expect(store.has(hashA1)).toBe(true);
+    expect(store.has(hashA2)).toBe(false);
+    expect(store.has(hashB)).toBe(true);
+    expect(stats.scanned).toBe(2);
+
+    varStore.close();
+  });
+});

packages/json-cas/src/gc.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+import { walk } from "./schema.js";
+import type { Hash, Store } from "./types.js";
+import type { VariableStore } from "./variable-store.js";
+
+export interface GcStats {
+  total: number; // Total CAS nodes before GC
+  reachable: number; // Nodes marked as reachable
+  collected: number; // Nodes deleted (swept)
+  scanned: number; // Variables scanned as roots
+}
+
+/**
+ * Garbage collection: mark-and-sweep algorithm
+ * - Roots: all variable values (global, not scoped)
+ * - Mark: recursively walk refs from roots
+ * - Sweep: delete unmarked nodes
+ * - Schema preservation: schemas of reachable nodes are also marked
+ */
+export function gc(store: Store, varStore: VariableStore): GcStats {
+  // Get all variables (no filters → global)
+  const variables = varStore.list();
+  const scanned = variables.length;
+
+  // Collect unique root hashes from all variables
+  const roots = new Set<Hash>();
+  for (const variable of variables) {
+    roots.add(variable.value);
+  }
+
+  // Mark phase: walk from all roots
+  const reachable = new Set<Hash>();
+
+  for (const rootHash of roots) {
+    walk(store, rootHash, (hash, node) => {
+      // Mark the node itself
+      reachable.add(hash);
+      // Mark the schema (type) of the node
+      reachable.add(node.type);
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Walk the schema chain to ensure bootstrap meta-schema is preserved
+  // For each reachable schema, walk its schema chain (not its references)
+  const schemasToWalk = new Set<Hash>();
+  for (const hash of reachable) {
+    const node = store.get(hash);
+    if (node) {
+      schemasToWalk.add(node.type);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const schemaHash of schemasToWalk) {
+    // Walk the schema's type chain (meta-schema, etc.)
+    let current: Hash | null = schemaHash;
+    while (current !== null && !reachable.has(current)) {
+      reachable.add(current);
+      const node = store.get(current);
+      if (!node || node.type === current) {
+        // Self-referencing or missing node, stop
+        break;
+      }
+      current = node.type;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Preserve all self-referencing nodes (bootstrap meta-schema)
+  // These are nodes where type === hash
+  const allHashes = store.listAll();
+  for (const hash of allHashes) {
+    const node = store.get(hash);
+    if (node && node.type === hash) {
+      reachable.add(hash);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Count total nodes
+  const total = allHashes.length;
+
+  // Sweep phase: delete unmarked nodes
+  let collected = 0;
+  for (const hash of allHashes) {
+    if (!reachable.has(hash)) {
+      store.delete(hash);
+      collected++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    total,
+    reachable: reachable.size,
+    collected,
+    scanned,
+  };
+}

packages/json-cas/src/index.test.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { bootstrap } from "./bootstrap.js";
 import { cborEncode } from "./cbor.js";
 import { computeHash, computeSelfHash } from "./hash.js";
 import { createMemoryStore } from "./store.js";
-import type { CasNode } from "./types.js";
+import type { CasNode, Store } from "./types.js";
 import { verify } from "./verify.js";
 
 // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -97,7 +97,18 @@ describe("createMemoryStore – put and get", () => {
     const h1 = await store.put(typeHash, { n: 42 });
     const h2 = await store.put(typeHash, { n: 42 });
     expect(h1).toBe(h2);
-    expect(store.list()).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(store.listByType(typeHash)).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
+  test("put does not create self-referencing nodes", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    const payload = { name: "type-descriptor" };
+    const typeHash = await computeSelfHash(payload);
+    const hash = await store.put(typeHash, payload);
+
+    const node = store.get(hash);
+    expect(node?.type).toBe(typeHash);
+    expect(node?.type).not.toBe(hash);
   });
 
   test("timestamp is preserved on second put (idempotency)", async () => {
@@ -116,9 +127,9 @@ describe("createMemoryStore – put and get", () => {
 });
 
 // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-// Step 4: store.has() and store.list()
+// Step 4: store.has()
 // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-describe("createMemoryStore – has and list", () => {
+describe("createMemoryStore – has", () => {
   test("has returns false before put, true after", async () => {
     const store = createMemoryStore();
     const typeHash = await computeSelfHash({ name: "t" });
@@ -129,7 +140,7 @@ describe("createMemoryStore – has and list", () => {
     expect(store.has(hash)).toBe(true);
   });
 
-  test("list returns all stored hashes", async () => {
+  test("listByType returns all stored hashes for a type", async () => {
     const store = createMemoryStore();
     const typeHash = await computeSelfHash({ name: "t" });
 
@@ -137,16 +148,66 @@ describe("createMemoryStore – has and list", () => {
     const h2 = await store.put(typeHash, { a: 2 });
     const h3 = await store.put(typeHash, { a: 3 });
 
-    const all = store.list();
+    const all = store.listByType(typeHash);
     expect(all).toHaveLength(3);
     expect(all).toContain(h1);
     expect(all).toContain(h2);
     expect(all).toContain(h3);
   });
 
-  test("list returns empty array on fresh store", () => {
+  test("listByType returns empty array on fresh store", () => {
     const store = createMemoryStore();
-    expect(store.list()).toEqual([]);
+    expect(store.listByType("0000000000000")).toEqual([]);
+  });
+});
+
+// ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// Step 4b: store.listByType()
+// ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+describe("createMemoryStore – listByType", () => {
+  test("returns empty array for unknown type", () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    expect(store.listByType("0000000000000")).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  test("returns all hashes for the given type", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    const typeHash = await computeSelfHash({ name: "t" });
+    const otherType = await computeSelfHash({ name: "other" });
+
+    const h1 = await store.put(typeHash, { a: 1 });
+    const h2 = await store.put(typeHash, { a: 2 });
+    await store.put(otherType, { b: 1 });
+
+    const byType = store.listByType(typeHash);
+    expect(byType).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(byType).toContain(h1);
+    expect(byType).toContain(h2);
+  });
+
+  test("idempotent put does not duplicate in listByType", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    const typeHash = await computeSelfHash({ name: "t" });
+
+    const h1 = await store.put(typeHash, { n: 1 });
+    await store.put(typeHash, { n: 1 });
+
+    expect(store.listByType(typeHash)).toEqual([h1]);
+  });
+
+  test("bootstrap node is listed under its self type", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+    const hash = builtinSchemas["@schema"] ?? "";
+
+    // All built-in schemas should be typed by the meta-schema
+    const allTypedByMeta = store.listByType(hash);
+    expect(allTypedByMeta).toContain(hash); // meta-schema itself
+    expect(allTypedByMeta).toContain(builtinSchemas["@string"] ?? "");
+    expect(allTypedByMeta).toContain(builtinSchemas["@number"] ?? "");
+    expect(allTypedByMeta).toContain(builtinSchemas["@object"] ?? "");
+    expect(allTypedByMeta).toContain(builtinSchemas["@array"] ?? "");
+    expect(allTypedByMeta).toContain(builtinSchemas["@bool"] ?? "");
   });
 });
 
@@ -191,44 +252,71 @@ describe("verify", () => {
 // Step 6: bootstrap()
 // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 describe("bootstrap", () => {
-  test("returns a valid 13-char hash", async () => {
-    const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const hash = await bootstrap(store);
-    expect(hash).toHaveLength(13);
-    expect(hash).toMatch(/^[0-9A-HJKMNP-TV-Z]{13}$/);
+  test("throws when store lacks internal bootstrap path", async () => {
+    const store: Store = {
+      put: async () => "0000000000000",
+      get: () => null,
+      has: () => false,
+      listByType: () => [],
+    };
+    await expect(bootstrap(store)).rejects.toThrow(
+      "Store does not support bootstrap",
+    );
   });
 
-  test("node is stored and retrievable", async () => {
+  test("returns a map with 6 built-in schema aliases", async () => {
     const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const hash = await bootstrap(store);
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
 
-    expect(store.has(hash)).toBe(true);
-    const node = store.get(hash);
+    expect(builtinSchemas).toHaveProperty("@schema");
+    expect(builtinSchemas).toHaveProperty("@string");
+    expect(builtinSchemas).toHaveProperty("@number");
+    expect(builtinSchemas).toHaveProperty("@object");
+    expect(builtinSchemas).toHaveProperty("@array");
+    expect(builtinSchemas).toHaveProperty("@bool");
+
+    // All values should be valid hashes
+    for (const hash of Object.values(builtinSchemas)) {
+      expect(hash).toHaveLength(13);
+      expect(hash).toMatch(/^[0-9A-HJKMNP-TV-Z]{13}$/);
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("meta-schema node is stored and retrievable", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+    const metaHash = builtinSchemas["@schema"] ?? "";
+
+    expect(store.has(metaHash)).toBe(true);
+    const node = store.get(metaHash);
     expect(node).not.toBeNull();
   });
 
-  test("node is self-referencing: type === hash", async () => {
+  test("meta-schema node is self-referencing: type === hash", async () => {
     const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const hash = await bootstrap(store);
-    const node = store.get(hash) as CasNode;
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+    const metaHash = builtinSchemas["@schema"] ?? "";
+    const node = store.get(metaHash) as CasNode;
 
-    expect(node.type).toBe(hash);
+    expect(node.type).toBe(metaHash);
   });
 
   test("bootstrap node passes verify()", async () => {
     const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const hash = await bootstrap(store);
-    const node = store.get(hash) as CasNode;
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+    const metaHash = builtinSchemas["@schema"] ?? "";
+    const node = store.get(metaHash) as CasNode;
 
-    expect(await verify(hash, node)).toBe(true);
+    expect(await verify(metaHash, node)).toBe(true);
   });
 
-  test("bootstrap is idempotent: same hash on repeated calls", async () => {
+  test("bootstrap is idempotent: same hashes on repeated calls", async () => {
     const store = createMemoryStore();
     const h1 = await bootstrap(store);
     const h2 = await bootstrap(store);
 
-    expect(h1).toBe(h2);
-    expect(store.list()).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(h1).toEqual(h2);
+    // All 6 built-in schemas should be typed by the meta-schema
+    expect(store.listByType(h1["@schema"] ?? "")).toHaveLength(6);
   });
 });

packages/json-cas/src/index.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,30 @@
 export { bootstrap } from "./bootstrap.js";
+export type { BootstrapCapableStore } from "./bootstrap-capable.js";
+export { BOOTSTRAP_STORE } from "./bootstrap-capable.js";
 export { cborEncode } from "./cbor.js";
+export { type GcStats, gc } from "./gc.js";
 export { computeHash, computeSelfHash } from "./hash.js";
+export { type RenderOptions, render } from "./render.js";
 export type { JSONSchema } from "./schema.js";
-export { getSchema, putSchema, refs, validate, walk } from "./schema.js";
+export {
+  getSchema,
+  putSchema,
+  refs,
+  SchemaValidationError,
+  validate,
+  walk,
+} from "./schema.js";
 export { createMemoryStore } from "./store.js";
 export type { CasNode, Hash, Store } from "./types.js";
+export type { Variable } from "./variable.js";
+export {
+  CasNodeNotFoundError,
+  createVariableStore,
+  InvalidTagFormatError,
+  InvalidVariableNameError,
+  SchemaMismatchError,
+  TagLabelConflictError,
+  VariableNotFoundError,
+  VariableStore,
+} from "./variable-store.js";
 export { verify } from "./verify.js";

packages/json-cas/src/mem-store.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import type { BootstrapCapableStore } from "./bootstrap-capable.js";
+import { BOOTSTRAP_STORE } from "./bootstrap-capable.js";
+import { createMemoryStore } from "./store.js";
+import type { CasNode, Hash } from "./types.js";
+
+/** In-memory store wrapper used by schema validation tests. */
+export class MemStore implements BootstrapCapableStore {
+  readonly #inner: BootstrapCapableStore;
+
+  constructor() {
+    this.#inner = createMemoryStore();
+  }
+
+  put(typeHash: Hash, payload: unknown): Promise<Hash> {
+    return this.#inner.put(typeHash, payload);
+  }
+
+  get(hash: Hash): CasNode | null {
+    return this.#inner.get(hash);
+  }
+
+  has(hash: Hash): boolean {
+    return this.#inner.has(hash);
+  }
+
+  listByType(typeHash: Hash): Hash[] {
+    return this.#inner.listByType(typeHash);
+  }
+
+  listAll(): Hash[] {
+    return this.#inner.listAll();
+  }
+
+  delete(hash: Hash): void {
+    this.#inner.delete(hash);
+  }
+
+  [BOOTSTRAP_STORE](payload: unknown): Promise<Hash> {
+    return this.#inner[BOOTSTRAP_STORE](payload);
+  }
+}

packages/json-cas/src/render.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,935 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
+import { bootstrap } from "./bootstrap.js";
+import { render } from "./render.js";
+import { putSchema } from "./schema.js";
+import { createMemoryStore } from "./store.js";
+import type { Hash } from "./types.js";
+
+describe("Suite 1: Basic Rendering (No Nesting)", () => {
+  test("1.1 Render Simple Primitives", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const textSchema = await putSchema(store, { type: "string" });
+    const hash = await store.put(textSchema, "hello");
+
+    const output = render(store, hash, { resolution: 1.0 });
+
+    expect(output).toContain("hello");
+    expect(output.trim()).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  test("1.2 Render Object Node (Flat)", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const objSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        name: { type: "string" },
+        count: { type: "number" },
+      },
+    });
+    const hash = await store.put(objSchema, { name: "test", count: 42 });
+
+    const output = render(store, hash, { resolution: 1.0 });
+
+    expect(output).toContain("name");
+    expect(output).toContain("test");
+    expect(output).toContain("count");
+    expect(output).toContain("42");
+  });
+
+  test("1.3 Render Array Node (Flat)", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const arraySchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "array",
+      items: { type: "number" },
+    });
+    const hash = await store.put(arraySchema, [1, 2, 3]);
+
+    const output = render(store, hash, { resolution: 1.0 });
+
+    expect(output).toContain("1");
+    expect(output).toContain("2");
+    expect(output).toContain("3");
+  });
+
+  test("1.4 Render with resolution=0 (Force Reference)", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const textSchema = await putSchema(store, { type: "string" });
+    const hash = await store.put(textSchema, "hello");
+
+    const output = render(store, hash, { resolution: 0 });
+
+    expect(output.trim()).toBe(`cas:${hash}`);
+  });
+
+  test("1.5 Render Non-existent Hash", () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    const fakeHash = "ZZZZZZZZZZZZZ" as Hash;
+
+    // Non-existent node renders as cas: reference
+    const output = render(store, fakeHash);
+    expect(output.trim()).toBe(`cas:${fakeHash}`);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("Suite 2: Resolution Decay Model", () => {
+  test("2.1 Single-level Nesting with Default Decay", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const childSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        content: { type: "string" },
+      },
+    });
+    const childHash = await store.put(childSchema, { content: "leaf" });
+
+    const parentSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        title: { type: "string" },
+        child: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
+      },
+    });
+    const parentHash = await store.put(parentSchema, {
+      title: "root",
+      child: childHash,
+    });
+
+    const output = render(store, parentHash, {
+      resolution: 1.0,
+      decay: 0.5,
+      epsilon: 0.01,
+    });
+
+    expect(output).toContain("title");
+    expect(output).toContain("root");
+    expect(output).toContain("content");
+    expect(output).toContain("leaf");
+  });
+
+  test("2.2 Multi-level Nesting Reaches Epsilon", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const leafSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        value: { type: "number" },
+        next: {
+          anyOf: [{ type: "string", format: "cas_ref" }, { type: "null" }],
+        },
+      },
+    });
+
+    // Create 8-level chain
+    let currentHash: Hash | null = null;
+    for (let i = 7; i >= 0; i--) {
+      currentHash = await store.put(leafSchema, {
+        value: i,
+        next: currentHash,
+      });
+    }
+
+    const output = render(store, currentHash as Hash, {
+      resolution: 1.0,
+      decay: 0.5,
+      epsilon: 0.01,
+    });
+
+    // At depth 7: resolution = 0.5^7 = 0.0078125 <= 0.01
+    expect(output).toContain("value");
+    expect(output).toContain("0"); // root level
+    // Should contain cas: reference at deep level
+    expect(output).toMatch(/cas:[0-9A-HJKMNP-TV-Z]{13}/);
+  });
+
+  test("2.3 High Decay (Quick Cutoff)", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const nodeSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        level: { type: "number" },
+        child: {
+          anyOf: [{ type: "string", format: "cas_ref" }, { type: "null" }],
+        },
+      },
+    });
+
+    // Create 3-level nested structure
+    const level2Hash = await store.put(nodeSchema, { level: 2, child: null });
+    const level1Hash = await store.put(nodeSchema, {
+      level: 1,
+      child: level2Hash,
+    });
+    const rootHash = await store.put(nodeSchema, {
+      level: 0,
+      child: level1Hash,
+    });
+
+    const output = render(store, rootHash, {
+      resolution: 1.0,
+      decay: 0.1,
+      epsilon: 0.01,
+    });
+
+    expect(output).toContain("level");
+    expect(output).toContain("0"); // root
+    expect(output).toContain("1"); // level 1 (0.1 > 0.01)
+    // Level 2 should be reference (0.01 <= 0.01)
+    expect(output).toMatch(/cas:[0-9A-HJKMNP-TV-Z]{13}/);
+  });
+
+  test("2.4 Low Decay (Deep Expansion)", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const nodeSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        level: { type: "number" },
+        next: {
+          anyOf: [{ type: "string", format: "cas_ref" }, { type: "null" }],
+        },
+      },
+    });
+
+    // Create 10-level chain
+    let currentHash: Hash | null = null;
+    for (let i = 9; i >= 0; i--) {
+      currentHash = await store.put(nodeSchema, {
+        level: i,
+        next: currentHash,
+      });
+    }
+
+    const output = render(store, currentHash as Hash, {
+      resolution: 1.0,
+      decay: 0.9,
+      epsilon: 0.01,
+    });
+
+    // All 10 levels should be expanded (0.9^10 ≈ 0.349 > 0.01)
+    for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+      expect(output).toContain(`${i}`);
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("2.5 Starting Resolution Below 1.0", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const nodeSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        level: { type: "number" },
+        next: {
+          anyOf: [{ type: "string", format: "cas_ref" }, { type: "null" }],
+        },
+      },
+    });
+
+    // Create 5-level chain
+    let currentHash: Hash | null = null;
+    for (let i = 4; i >= 0; i--) {
+      currentHash = await store.put(nodeSchema, {
+        level: i,
+        next: currentHash,
+      });
+    }
+
+    const output = render(store, currentHash as Hash, {
+      resolution: 0.5,
+      decay: 0.5,
+      epsilon: 0.01,
+    });
+
+    // resolution sequence: 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.0625, 0.03125 (all > 0.01)
+    expect(output).toContain("0");
+    expect(output).toContain("1");
+    expect(output).toContain("2");
+    expect(output).toContain("3");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("Suite 3: Complex Graph Structures", () => {
+  test("3.1 Multiple Child References", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const itemSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        name: { type: "string" },
+      },
+    });
+
+    const item1 = await store.put(itemSchema, { name: "item1" });
+    const item2 = await store.put(itemSchema, { name: "item2" });
+    const item3 = await store.put(itemSchema, { name: "item3" });
+
+    const parentSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        items: {
+          type: "array",
+          items: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
+        },
+      },
+    });
+    const parentHash = await store.put(parentSchema, {
+      items: [item1, item2, item3],
+    });
+
+    const output = render(store, parentHash, {
+      resolution: 1.0,
+      decay: 0.5,
+      epsilon: 0.01,
+    });
+
+    expect(output).toContain("item1");
+    expect(output).toContain("item2");
+    expect(output).toContain("item3");
+  });
+
+  test("3.2 Object with Multiple cas_ref Fields", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const childSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        value: { type: "string" },
+      },
+    });
+
+    const leftHash = await store.put(childSchema, { value: "left" });
+    const rightHash = await store.put(childSchema, { value: "right" });
+
+    const parentSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        left: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
+        right: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
+        data: { type: "string" },
+      },
+    });
+    const parentHash = await store.put(parentSchema, {
+      left: leftHash,
+      right: rightHash,
+      data: "node",
+    });
+
+    const output = render(store, parentHash, {
+      resolution: 1.0,
+      decay: 0.5,
+      epsilon: 0.01,
+    });
+
+    expect(output).toContain("left");
+    expect(output).toContain("right");
+    expect(output).toContain("node");
+  });
+
+  test("3.3 Cycle Detection", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const nodeSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        name: { type: "string" },
+        ref: {
+          anyOf: [{ type: "string", format: "cas_ref" }, { type: "null" }],
+        },
+      },
+    });
+
+    const hashA = await store.put(nodeSchema, { name: "A", ref: null });
+    const hashB = await store.put(nodeSchema, { name: "B", ref: hashA });
+
+    // Manually update A to reference B (simulate cycle)
+    // Note: In practice, this requires store manipulation
+    // For this test, we'll create a simpler case
+
+    const output = render(store, hashB, {
+      resolution: 1.0,
+      decay: 0.5,
+      epsilon: 0.01,
+    });
+
+    // Should not infinite loop
+    expect(output).toContain("B");
+    expect(output).toContain("A");
+  });
+
+  test("3.4 DAG (Shared Descendant)", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const leafSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        value: { type: "string" },
+      },
+    });
+    const sharedLeaf = await store.put(leafSchema, { value: "shared" });
+
+    const branchSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        name: { type: "string" },
+        child: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
+      },
+    });
+    const branchA = await store.put(branchSchema, {
+      name: "A",
+      child: sharedLeaf,
+    });
+    const branchB = await store.put(branchSchema, {
+      name: "B",
+      child: sharedLeaf,
+    });
+
+    const rootSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        left: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
+        right: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
+      },
+    });
+    const rootHash = await store.put(rootSchema, {
+      left: branchA,
+      right: branchB,
+    });
+
+    const output = render(store, rootHash, {
+      resolution: 1.0,
+      decay: 0.5,
+      epsilon: 0.01,
+    });
+
+    expect(output).toContain("A");
+    expect(output).toContain("B");
+    expect(output).toContain("shared");
+  });
+
+  test("3.5 Deep Tree", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const nodeSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        value: { type: "number" },
+        left: {
+          anyOf: [{ type: "string", format: "cas_ref" }, { type: "null" }],
+        },
+        right: {
+          anyOf: [{ type: "string", format: "cas_ref" }, { type: "null" }],
+        },
+      },
+    });
+
+    // Create binary tree (just 5 levels for test speed)
+    async function createTree(depth: number, value: number): Promise<Hash> {
+      if (depth === 0) {
+        return store.put(nodeSchema, { value, left: null, right: null });
+      }
+      const left = await createTree(depth - 1, value * 2);
+      const right = await createTree(depth - 1, value * 2 + 1);
+      return store.put(nodeSchema, { value, left, right });
+    }
+
+    const rootHash = await createTree(5, 1);
+
+    const output = render(store, rootHash, {
+      resolution: 1.0,
+      decay: 0.5,
+      epsilon: 0.01,
+    });
+
+    // Should complete without error
+    expect(output).toContain("value");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("Suite 4: Epsilon Boundary Cases", () => {
+  test("4.1 Resolution Exactly at Epsilon", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const textSchema = await putSchema(store, { type: "string" });
+    const hash = await store.put(textSchema, "test");
+
+    const output = render(store, hash, {
+      resolution: 0.01,
+      decay: 0.5,
+      epsilon: 0.01,
+    });
+
+    expect(output.trim()).toBe(`cas:${hash}`);
+  });
+
+  test("4.2 Resolution Just Above Epsilon", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const textSchema = await putSchema(store, { type: "string" });
+    const hash = await store.put(textSchema, "test");
+
+    const output = render(store, hash, {
+      resolution: 0.0100001,
+      epsilon: 0.01,
+    });
+
+    expect(output).toContain("test");
+    expect(output).not.toContain("cas:");
+  });
+
+  test("4.3 Very Small Epsilon (Deep Expansion)", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const nodeSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        level: { type: "number" },
+        next: {
+          anyOf: [{ type: "string", format: "cas_ref" }, { type: "null" }],
+        },
+      },
+    });
+
+    // Create 15-level chain
+    let currentHash: Hash | null = null;
+    for (let i = 14; i >= 0; i--) {
+      currentHash = await store.put(nodeSchema, {
+        level: i,
+        next: currentHash,
+      });
+    }
+
+    const output = render(store, currentHash as Hash, {
+      resolution: 1.0,
+      decay: 0.5,
+      epsilon: 0.000001,
+    });
+
+    // Many levels should be expanded
+    expect(output).toContain("0");
+    expect(output).toContain("5");
+    expect(output).toContain("10");
+  });
+
+  test("4.4 Zero Epsilon (Never Prune)", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const nodeSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        level: { type: "number" },
+        next: {
+          anyOf: [{ type: "string", format: "cas_ref" }, { type: "null" }],
+        },
+      },
+    });
+
+    // Create 20-level chain
+    let currentHash: Hash | null = null;
+    for (let i = 19; i >= 0; i--) {
+      currentHash = await store.put(nodeSchema, {
+        level: i,
+        next: currentHash,
+      });
+    }
+
+    const output = render(store, currentHash as Hash, {
+      resolution: 1.0,
+      decay: 0.5,
+      epsilon: 0,
+    });
+
+    // All levels should be present
+    expect(output).toContain("0");
+    expect(output).toContain("10");
+    expect(output).toContain("19");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("Suite 5: YAML Output Format", () => {
+  test("5.1 Valid YAML Syntax", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const objSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        name: { type: "string" },
+        count: { type: "number" },
+      },
+    });
+    const hash = await store.put(objSchema, { name: "test", count: 42 });
+
+    const output = render(store, hash);
+
+    // Basic YAML validation - should have key: value pairs
+    expect(output).toMatch(/\w+:/);
+  });
+
+  test("5.2 Nested Object Indentation", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const nestedSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        outer: {
+          type: "object",
+          properties: {
+            inner: { type: "string" },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    });
+    const hash = await store.put(nestedSchema, {
+      outer: { inner: "value" },
+    });
+
+    const output = render(store, hash);
+
+    // Should have proper indentation (2 spaces)
+    expect(output).toContain("outer");
+    expect(output).toContain("inner");
+    expect(output).toContain("value");
+  });
+
+  test("5.3 Array Rendering", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const arraySchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "array",
+      items: { type: "number" },
+    });
+    const hash = await store.put(arraySchema, [1, 2, 3]);
+
+    const output = render(store, hash);
+
+    // YAML array format
+    expect(output).toMatch(/[-[].*[1-3]/);
+  });
+
+  test("5.4 CAS Reference in YAML", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const childSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        value: { type: "string" },
+      },
+    });
+    const childHash = await store.put(childSchema, { value: "child" });
+
+    const parentSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        child: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
+      },
+    });
+    const parentHash = await store.put(parentSchema, { child: childHash });
+
+    const output = render(store, parentHash, {
+      resolution: 1.0,
+      decay: 0.1,
+      epsilon: 0.5,
+    });
+
+    // Child should be rendered as cas: reference
+    expect(output).toMatch(/cas:[0-9A-HJKMNP-TV-Z]{13}/);
+  });
+
+  test("5.5 Special Characters Escaping", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const textSchema = await putSchema(store, { type: "string" });
+    const hash = await store.put(textSchema, "line1\nline2: value");
+
+    const output = render(store, hash);
+
+    // Should handle newlines and colons
+    expect(output).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  test("5.6 Null Handling", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const nullableSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        ref: {
+          anyOf: [{ type: "string", format: "cas_ref" }, { type: "null" }],
+        },
+      },
+    });
+    const hash = await store.put(nullableSchema, { ref: null });
+
+    const output = render(store, hash);
+
+    expect(output).toContain("null");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("Suite 6: Schema Integration", () => {
+  test("6.1 Detect cas_ref Fields via Schema", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const childSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        value: { type: "string" },
+      },
+    });
+    const childHash = await store.put(childSchema, { value: "child" });
+
+    const parentSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        link: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
+      },
+    });
+    const parentHash = await store.put(parentSchema, { link: childHash });
+
+    const output = render(store, parentHash, {
+      resolution: 1.0,
+      decay: 0.5,
+      epsilon: 0.01,
+    });
+
+    expect(output).toContain("child");
+  });
+
+  test("6.2 Non-cas_ref String Not Expanded", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const objSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        name: { type: "string" },
+      },
+    });
+    const hash = await store.put(objSchema, { name: "ABC123XYZ9012" });
+
+    const output = render(store, hash);
+
+    // Should be plain string, not expanded
+    expect(output).toContain("ABC123XYZ9012");
+    expect(output).not.toMatch(/cas:[0-9A-HJKMNP-TV-Z]{13}/);
+  });
+
+  test("6.3 Array of cas_ref", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const itemSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        name: { type: "string" },
+      },
+    });
+    const item1 = await store.put(itemSchema, { name: "item1" });
+    const item2 = await store.put(itemSchema, { name: "item2" });
+
+    const arraySchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "array",
+      items: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
+    });
+    const arrayHash = await store.put(arraySchema, [item1, item2]);
+
+    const output = render(store, arrayHash, {
+      resolution: 1.0,
+      decay: 0.5,
+      epsilon: 0.01,
+    });
+
+    expect(output).toContain("item1");
+    expect(output).toContain("item2");
+  });
+
+  test("6.4 anyOf with cas_ref (Nullable Reference)", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const childSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        value: { type: "string" },
+      },
+    });
+    const childHash = await store.put(childSchema, { value: "child" });
+
+    const parentSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        ref: {
+          anyOf: [{ type: "string", format: "cas_ref" }, { type: "null" }],
+        },
+      },
+    });
+    const parentHash = await store.put(parentSchema, { ref: childHash });
+
+    const output = render(store, parentHash, {
+      resolution: 1.0,
+      decay: 0.5,
+      epsilon: 0.01,
+    });
+
+    expect(output).toContain("child");
+  });
+
+  test("6.5 Schema-less Node (Bootstrap Node)", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    const metaHash = await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const output = render(store, metaHash);
+
+    // Should render without recursive expansion
+    expect(output).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("Suite 7: Error Handling", () => {
+  test("7.1 Missing Referenced Node", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const parentSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        child: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
+      },
+    });
+    const fakeChildHash = "ZZZZZZZZZZZZZ" as Hash;
+    const parentHash = await store.put(parentSchema, { child: fakeChildHash });
+
+    const output = render(store, parentHash);
+
+    // Should render missing ref as cas:<hash>
+    expect(output).toContain(`cas:${fakeChildHash}`);
+  });
+
+  test("7.3 Invalid Resolution Parameter", () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    const fakeHash = "AAAAAAAAAAAAA" as Hash;
+
+    expect(() => render(store, fakeHash, { resolution: -1 })).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  test("7.4 Invalid Decay Parameter", () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    const fakeHash = "AAAAAAAAAAAAA" as Hash;
+
+    expect(() => render(store, fakeHash, { decay: 1.5 })).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  test("7.5 Invalid Epsilon Parameter", () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    const fakeHash = "AAAAAAAAAAAAA" as Hash;
+
+    expect(() => render(store, fakeHash, { epsilon: -0.01 })).toThrow();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("Suite 8: Performance & Edge Cases", () => {
+  test("8.1 Large Payload", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const arraySchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "array",
+      items: {
+        type: "object",
+        properties: {
+          id: { type: "number" },
+          name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+      },
+    });
+
+    const largeArray = Array.from({ length: 1000 }, (_, i) => ({
+      id: i,
+      name: `item${i}`,
+    }));
+    const hash = await store.put(arraySchema, largeArray);
+
+    const start = Date.now();
+    const output = render(store, hash);
+    const elapsed = Date.now() - start;
+
+    expect(elapsed).toBeLessThan(5000);
+    expect(output).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  test("8.2 Wide Fan-out", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const itemSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        value: { type: "number" },
+      },
+    });
+
+    const children: Hash[] = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+      const hash = await store.put(itemSchema, { value: i });
+      children.push(hash);
+    }
+
+    const parentSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "array",
+      items: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
+    });
+    const parentHash = await store.put(parentSchema, children);
+
+    const output = render(store, parentHash, {
+      resolution: 1.0,
+      decay: 0.5,
+      epsilon: 0.01,
+    });
+
+    expect(output).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  test("8.3 Empty Payload", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const emptySchema = await putSchema(store, { type: "object" });
+    const hash = await store.put(emptySchema, {});
+
+    const output = render(store, hash);
+
+    expect(output.trim()).toMatch(/\{\}/);
+  });
+
+  test("8.4 Unicode in Payload", async () => {
+    const store = createMemoryStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const textSchema = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        text: { type: "string" },
+      },
+    });
+    const hash = await store.put(textSchema, { text: "你好世界 🌍" });
+
+    const output = render(store, hash);
+
+    expect(output).toContain("你好世界");
+    expect(output).toContain("🌍");
+  });
+});

packages/json-cas/src/render.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+import { refs } from "./schema.js";
+import type { Hash, Store } from "./types.js";
+
+export type RenderOptions = {
+  resolution?: number; // (0, 1], default 1.0
+  decay?: number; // (0, 1], default 0.5
+  epsilon?: number; // >= 0, default 0.01
+};
+
+const DEFAULT_RESOLUTION = 1.0;
+const DEFAULT_DECAY = 0.5;
+const DEFAULT_EPSILON = 0.01;
+// Small tolerance for floating point comparison
+const FLOAT_TOLERANCE = 1e-10;
+
+/**
+ * Render a CAS node as YAML with resolution-based decay.
+ * When resolution ≤ epsilon, nodes are rendered as opaque `cas:<hash>` references.
+ */
+export function render(
+  store: Store,
+  hash: Hash,
+  options?: RenderOptions,
+): string {
+  const resolution = options?.resolution ?? DEFAULT_RESOLUTION;
+  const decay = options?.decay ?? DEFAULT_DECAY;
+  const epsilon = options?.epsilon ?? DEFAULT_EPSILON;
+
+  // Validate parameters
+  if (resolution < 0 || resolution > 1) {
+    throw new Error("resolution must be in [0, 1]");
+  }
+  if (decay <= 0 || decay > 1) {
+    throw new Error("decay must be in (0, 1]");
+  }
+  if (epsilon < 0) {
+    throw new Error("epsilon must be >= 0");
+  }
+
+  const visited = new Set<Hash>();
+
+  return renderNode(store, hash, resolution, decay, epsilon, visited);
+}
+
+function renderNode(
+  store: Store,
+  hash: Hash,
+  currentResolution: number,
+  decay: number,
+  epsilon: number,
+  visited: Set<Hash>,
+): string {
+  // Check if resolution is below threshold (with floating point tolerance)
+  if (currentResolution < epsilon + FLOAT_TOLERANCE) {
+    return `cas:${hash}`;
+  }
+
+  // Fetch the node
+  const node = store.get(hash);
+  if (node === null) {
+    // Missing node - render as cas: reference
+    return `cas:${hash}`;
+  }
+
+  // Cycle detection
+  if (visited.has(hash)) {
+    return `cas:${hash}`;
+  }
+  visited.add(hash);
+
+  // Get references from this node's schema
+  const nodeRefs = refs(store, node);
+  const refSet = new Set(nodeRefs);
+
+  // Calculate child resolution for next level
+  const childResolution = currentResolution * decay;
+
+  // Render the payload with recursive expansion of cas_ref fields
+  const rendered = renderValue(
+    store,
+    node.payload,
+    refSet,
+    childResolution,
+    decay,
+    epsilon,
+    visited,
+  );
+
+  visited.delete(hash);
+
+  return rendered;
+}
+
+function renderValue(
+  store: Store,
+  value: unknown,
+  refHashes: Set<Hash>,
+  childResolution: number,
+  decay: number,
+  epsilon: number,
+  visited: Set<Hash>,
+): string {
+  // Handle null
+  if (value === null) {
+    return "null\n";
+  }
+
+  // Handle primitives
+  if (typeof value === "string") {
+    // Check if this string is a cas_ref
+    if (refHashes.has(value as Hash)) {
+      // Recursively render the referenced node
+      return renderNode(
+        store,
+        value as Hash,
+        childResolution,
+        decay,
+        epsilon,
+        visited,
+      );
+    }
+    // Otherwise, render as YAML string
+    return toYamlString(value);
+  }
+
+  if (typeof value === "number" || typeof value === "boolean") {
+    return `${value}\n`;
+  }
+
+  // Handle arrays
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+    if (value.length === 0) {
+      return "[]\n";
+    }
+
+    const items = value.map((item) => {
+      const itemYaml = renderValue(
+        store,
+        item,
+        refHashes,
+        childResolution,
+        decay,
+        epsilon,
+        visited,
+      );
+      return indent(itemYaml.trim(), 2);
+    });
+
+    return `- ${items.join("\n- ")}\n`;
+  }
+
+  // Handle objects
+  if (typeof value === "object") {
+    const obj = value as Record<string, unknown>;
+    const keys = Object.keys(obj);
+
+    if (keys.length === 0) {
+      return "{}\n";
+    }
+
+    const pairs = keys.map((key) => {
+      const val = obj[key];
+      const valYaml = renderValue(
+        store,
+        val,
+        refHashes,
+        childResolution,
+        decay,
+        epsilon,
+        visited,
+      );
+
+      const trimmedVal = valYaml.trim();
+
+      // If value is multiline, indent it
+      if (trimmedVal.includes("\n")) {
+        return `${key}:\n${indent(trimmedVal, 2)}`;
+      }
+
+      return `${key}: ${trimmedVal}`;
+    });
+
+    return `${pairs.join("\n")}\n`;
+  }
+
+  return "null\n";
+}
+
+function toYamlString(str: string): string {
+  // Handle special characters
+  if (
+    str.includes("\n") ||
+    str.includes(":") ||
+    str.includes("#") ||
+    str.includes("[") ||
+    str.includes("]") ||
+    str.includes("{") ||
+    str.includes("}") ||
+    str.includes("'") ||
+    str.includes('"') ||
+    str.startsWith(" ") ||
+    str.endsWith(" ")
+  ) {
+    // Use double-quoted string with escaping
+    const escaped = str
+      .replace(/\\/g, "\\\\")
+      .replace(/"/g, '\\"')
+      .replace(/\n/g, "\\n");
+    return `"${escaped}"\n`;
+  }
+
+  return `${str}\n`;
+}
+
+function indent(text: string, spaces: number): string {
+  const prefix = " ".repeat(spaces);
+  return text
+    .split("\n")
+    .map((line) => (line ? prefix + line : line))
+    .join("\n");
+}

packages/json-cas/src/schema.test.ts

@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ describe("putSchema", () => {
 
   test("schema node type equals the meta-schema hash", async () => {
     const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const metaHash = await bootstrap(store);
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+    const metaHash = builtinSchemas["@schema"] ?? "";
     const schemaHash = await putSchema(store, { type: "string" });
     const node = store.get(schemaHash) as CasNode;
 
@@ -355,7 +356,8 @@ describe("walk", () => {
 describe("bootstrap meta-schema self-reference", () => {
   test("metaNode.type === metaHash (self-referencing)", async () => {
     const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const metaHash = await bootstrap(store);
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+    const metaHash = builtinSchemas["@schema"] ?? "";
     const metaNode = store.get(metaHash) as CasNode;
 
     expect(metaNode.type).toBe(metaHash);
@@ -363,7 +365,8 @@ describe("bootstrap meta-schema self-reference", () => {
 
   test("schema nodes have type === metaHash", async () => {
     const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const metaHash = await bootstrap(store);
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+    const metaHash = builtinSchemas["@schema"] ?? "";
     const schemaHash = await putSchema(store, { type: "string" });
     const schemaNode = store.get(schemaHash) as CasNode;
 
@@ -372,7 +375,8 @@ describe("bootstrap meta-schema self-reference", () => {
 
   test("data nodes have type === schemaHash (not metaHash)", async () => {
     const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const metaHash = await bootstrap(store);
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+    const metaHash = builtinSchemas["@schema"] ?? "";
     const schemaHash = await putSchema(store, {
       type: "object",
       properties: { val: { type: "number" } },
@@ -386,7 +390,8 @@ describe("bootstrap meta-schema self-reference", () => {
 
   test("bootstrap is idempotent across putSchema calls", async () => {
     const store = createMemoryStore();
-    const metaHash = await bootstrap(store);
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+    const metaHash = builtinSchemas["@schema"] ?? "";
 
     await putSchema(store, { type: "string" });
     await putSchema(store, { type: "number" });

packages/json-cas/src/schema.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,10 @@ import * as AjvModule from "ajv";
 // but tsc with verbatimModuleSyntax sees the namespace wrapper.
 // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: CJS interop
 const Ajv = ((AjvModule as any).default ?? AjvModule) as {
-	new (): { addFormat(name: string, re: RegExp): void; validate(schema: unknown, data: unknown): boolean };
+  new (): {
+    addFormat(name: string, re: RegExp): void;
+    validate(schema: unknown, data: unknown): boolean;
+  };
 };
 
 import { bootstrap } from "./bootstrap.js";
@@ -12,9 +15,125 @@ import type { CasNode, Hash, Store } from "./types.js";
 
 export type JSONSchema = Record<string, unknown>;
 
+export class SchemaValidationError extends Error {
+  override readonly name = "SchemaValidationError";
+}
+
 const ajv = new Ajv();
 ajv.addFormat("cas_ref", /^[0-9A-HJKMNP-TV-Z]{13}$/);
 
+const ALLOWED_SCHEMA_KEYS = new Set([
+  "type",
+  "properties",
+  "required",
+  "additionalProperties",
+  "anyOf",
+  "oneOf",
+  "items",
+  "format",
+  "title",
+  "enum",
+  "const",
+  "description",
+]);
+
+const JSON_SCHEMA_TYPES = new Set([
+  "string",
+  "number",
+  "integer",
+  "boolean",
+  "object",
+  "array",
+  "null",
+]);
+
+function isValidTypeValue(type: unknown): boolean {
+  if (typeof type === "string") {
+    return JSON_SCHEMA_TYPES.has(type);
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(type)) {
+    if (type.length === 0) return false;
+    return type.every(
+      (entry) => typeof entry === "string" && JSON_SCHEMA_TYPES.has(entry),
+    );
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+function isValidSchema(value: unknown): boolean {
+  if (value === null || typeof value !== "object" || Array.isArray(value)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const schema = value as JSONSchema;
+  for (const key of Object.keys(schema)) {
+    if (!ALLOWED_SCHEMA_KEYS.has(key)) return false;
+  }
+
+  if ("type" in schema && !isValidTypeValue(schema.type)) return false;
+
+  if ("properties" in schema) {
+    const properties = schema.properties;
+    if (
+      properties === null ||
+      typeof properties !== "object" ||
+      Array.isArray(properties)
+    ) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    for (const nested of Object.values(properties as Record<string, unknown>)) {
+      if (!isValidSchema(nested)) return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if ("required" in schema) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(schema.required)) return false;
+    for (const entry of schema.required) {
+      if (typeof entry !== "string") return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if ("additionalProperties" in schema) {
+    const additionalProperties = schema.additionalProperties;
+    if (typeof additionalProperties === "boolean") {
+      // allowed
+    } else if (!isValidSchema(additionalProperties)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if ("anyOf" in schema) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(schema.anyOf) || schema.anyOf.length === 0) return false;
+    for (const entry of schema.anyOf) {
+      if (!isValidSchema(entry)) return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if ("oneOf" in schema) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(schema.oneOf) || schema.oneOf.length === 0) return false;
+    for (const entry of schema.oneOf) {
+      if (!isValidSchema(entry)) return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if ("items" in schema && !isValidSchema(schema.items)) return false;
+  if ("format" in schema && typeof schema.format !== "string") return false;
+  if ("title" in schema && typeof schema.title !== "string") return false;
+  if ("description" in schema && typeof schema.description !== "string") {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if ("enum" in schema) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(schema.enum) || schema.enum.length === 0) return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+function isMetaSchemaNode(store: Store, node: CasNode): boolean {
+  const schema = getSchema(store, node.type);
+  return schema !== null && schema === node.payload;
+}
+
 /**
  * Store a JSON Schema as a CAS node typed by the meta-schema hash.
  * The returned hash becomes the typeHash for nodes that conform to this schema.
@@ -23,7 +142,16 @@ export async function putSchema(
   store: Store,
   jsonSchema: JSONSchema,
 ): Promise<Hash> {
-  const metaHash = await bootstrap(store);
+  const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+  const metaHash = builtinSchemas["@schema"];
+  if (!metaHash) {
+    throw new Error("Meta-schema not found in bootstrap result");
+  }
+  if (!isValidSchema(jsonSchema)) {
+    throw new SchemaValidationError(
+      "Invalid schema: input does not conform to the json-cas JSON Schema meta-schema",
+    );
+  }
   return store.put(metaHash, jsonSchema);
 }
 
@@ -44,6 +172,9 @@ export function getSchema(store: Store, typeHash: Hash): JSONSchema | null {
 export function validate(store: Store, node: CasNode): boolean {
   const schema = getSchema(store, node.type);
   if (schema === null) return false;
+  if (isMetaSchemaNode(store, node)) {
+    return isValidSchema(node.payload);
+  }
   return ajv.validate(
     schema as Parameters<typeof ajv.validate>[0],
     node.payload,

packages/json-cas/src/store.ts

@@ -1,19 +1,39 @@
+import {
+  BOOTSTRAP_STORE,
+  type BootstrapCapableStore,
+} from "./bootstrap-capable.js";
 import { computeHash, computeSelfHash } from "./hash.js";
-import type { CasNode, Hash, Store } from "./types.js";
+import type { CasNode, Hash } from "./types.js";
 
-export function createMemoryStore(): Store {
+export function createMemoryStore(): BootstrapCapableStore {
   const data = new Map<Hash, CasNode>();
+  const byType = new Map<Hash, Set<Hash>>();
 
-  return {
-    async put(typeHash: Hash | null, payload: unknown): Promise<Hash> {
-      const hash =
-        typeHash === null
-          ? await computeSelfHash(payload)
-          : await computeHash(typeHash, payload);
+  function indexHash(type: Hash, hash: Hash): void {
+    let set = byType.get(type);
+    if (!set) {
+      set = new Set();
+      byType.set(type, set);
+    }
+    set.add(hash);
+  }
+
+  async function putSelfReferencing(payload: unknown): Promise<Hash> {
+    const hash = await computeSelfHash(payload);
+    if (!data.has(hash)) {
+      data.set(hash, { type: hash, payload, timestamp: Date.now() });
+      indexHash(hash, hash);
+    }
+    return hash;
+  }
+
+  const store: BootstrapCapableStore = {
+    async put(typeHash: Hash, payload: unknown): Promise<Hash> {
+      const hash = await computeHash(typeHash, payload);
 
       if (!data.has(hash)) {
-        const type = typeHash === null ? hash : typeHash;
-        data.set(hash, { type, payload, timestamp: Date.now() });
+        data.set(hash, { type: typeHash, payload, timestamp: Date.now() });
+        indexHash(typeHash, hash);
       }
 
       return hash;
@@ -27,8 +47,32 @@ export function createMemoryStore(): Store {
       return data.has(hash);
     },
 
-    list(): Hash[] {
-      return [...data.keys()];
+    listByType(typeHash: Hash): Hash[] {
+      const set = byType.get(typeHash);
+      return set ? [...set] : [];
     },
+
+    listAll(): Hash[] {
+      return Array.from(data.keys());
+    },
+
+    delete(hash: Hash): void {
+      const node = data.get(hash);
+      if (node) {
+        data.delete(hash);
+        // Remove from type index
+        const set = byType.get(node.type);
+        if (set) {
+          set.delete(hash);
+          if (set.size === 0) {
+            byType.delete(node.type);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+
+    [BOOTSTRAP_STORE]: putSelfReferencing,
   };
+
+  return store;
 }

packages/json-cas/src/types.ts

@@ -17,11 +17,13 @@ export type CasNode<T = unknown> = {
 
 /**
  * Content-addressable store interface.
- * put(null, payload) creates a self-referencing (bootstrap) node.
+ * Self-referencing nodes are created only via bootstrap().
  */
 export type Store = {
-  put(typeHash: Hash | null, payload: unknown): Promise<Hash>;
+  put(typeHash: Hash, payload: unknown): Promise<Hash>;
   get(hash: Hash): CasNode | null;
   has(hash: Hash): boolean;
-  list(): Hash[];
+  listByType(typeHash: Hash): Hash[];
+  listAll(): Hash[];
+  delete(hash: Hash): void;
 };

packages/json-cas/src/variable-store.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,723 @@
+import { Database } from "bun:sqlite";
+import type { Hash, Store } from "./types.js";
+import type { Variable } from "./variable.js";
+
+/**
+ * Custom error types for variable operations
+ */
+export class VariableNotFoundError extends Error {
+  constructor(
+    public variableName: string,
+    public variableSchema: Hash,
+  ) {
+    super(`Variable not found: name=${variableName}, schema=${variableSchema}`);
+    this.name = "VariableNotFoundError";
+  }
+}
+
+export class InvalidVariableNameError extends Error {
+  constructor(
+    public variableName: string,
+    public reason: string,
+  ) {
+    super(`Invalid variable name "${variableName}": ${reason}`);
+    this.name = "InvalidVariableNameError";
+  }
+}
+
+export class SchemaMismatchError extends Error {
+  constructor(
+    public expected: string,
+    public actual: string,
+  ) {
+    super(`Schema mismatch: expected ${expected}, got ${actual}`);
+    this.name = "SchemaMismatchError";
+  }
+}
+
+export class CasNodeNotFoundError extends Error {
+  constructor(hash: string) {
+    super(`CAS node not found: ${hash}`);
+    this.name = "CasNodeNotFoundError";
+  }
+}
+
+export class TagLabelConflictError extends Error {
+  constructor(
+    public conflictName: string,
+    public existingType: "tag" | "label",
+    public attemptedType: "tag" | "label",
+  ) {
+    super(`Conflict: '${conflictName}' already exists as a ${existingType}`);
+    this.name = "TagLabelConflictError";
+  }
+}
+
+export class InvalidTagFormatError extends Error {
+  constructor(tag: string) {
+    super(`Invalid tag format: ${tag}`);
+    this.name = "InvalidTagFormatError";
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Variable store with SQLite backend
+ */
+export class VariableStore {
+  private db: Database;
+
+  constructor(
+    dbPath: string,
+    private casStore: Store,
+  ) {
+    this.db = new Database(dbPath, { create: true });
+    // Enable foreign keys
+    this.db.exec("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON");
+    this.initDb();
+  }
+
+  private initDb(): void {
+    this.db.exec(`
+      CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS variables (
+        name TEXT NOT NULL,
+        schema TEXT NOT NULL,
+        value TEXT NOT NULL,
+        created INTEGER NOT NULL,
+        updated INTEGER NOT NULL,
+        PRIMARY KEY (name, schema)
+      );
+
+      CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_var_name ON variables(name);
+      CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_var_value ON variables(value);
+      CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_var_schema ON variables(schema);
+
+      CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS variable_tags (
+        variable_name TEXT NOT NULL,
+        variable_schema TEXT NOT NULL,
+        key TEXT NOT NULL,
+        value TEXT NOT NULL,
+        PRIMARY KEY (variable_name, variable_schema, key),
+        FOREIGN KEY (variable_name, variable_schema) REFERENCES variables(name, schema) ON DELETE CASCADE
+      );
+
+      CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS variable_labels (
+        variable_name TEXT NOT NULL,
+        variable_schema TEXT NOT NULL,
+        name TEXT NOT NULL,
+        PRIMARY KEY (variable_name, variable_schema, name),
+        FOREIGN KEY (variable_name, variable_schema) REFERENCES variables(name, schema) ON DELETE CASCADE
+      );
+
+      CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_var_tag_key ON variable_tags(key);
+      CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_var_tag_key_value ON variable_tags(key, value);
+      CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_var_label_name ON variable_labels(name);
+    `);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Validate variable name format
+   * @ is allowed at the start of the first segment (system-reserved)
+   */
+  private validateName(name: string): void {
+    // Rule 1: Cannot be empty
+    if (name === "") {
+      throw new InvalidVariableNameError(name, "Name cannot be empty");
+    }
+
+    // Rule 2: No leading slash
+    if (name.startsWith("/")) {
+      throw new InvalidVariableNameError(
+        name,
+        "Name cannot start with leading slash",
+      );
+    }
+
+    // Rule 3: No trailing slash
+    if (name.endsWith("/")) {
+      throw new InvalidVariableNameError(
+        name,
+        "Name cannot end with trailing slash",
+      );
+    }
+
+    // Rule 4: Each segment must match [a-zA-Z0-9._-]+ (with @ allowed at start of first segment)
+    const segments = name.split("/");
+    for (let i = 0; i < segments.length; i++) {
+      const segment = segments[i] as string;
+      if (segment === "") {
+        throw new InvalidVariableNameError(
+          name,
+          "Name contains empty segment (consecutive slashes //)",
+        );
+      }
+
+      // Check for invalid characters
+      // First segment can start with @, all segments can contain [a-zA-Z0-9._-]
+      const regex = i === 0 ? /^@?[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+$/ : /^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+$/;
+      if (!regex.test(segment)) {
+        throw new InvalidVariableNameError(
+          name,
+          `Segment "${segment}" contains invalid characters (only ${i === 0 ? "@, " : ""}a-z, A-Z, 0-9, ., _, - allowed)`,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Extract schema hash from CAS node
+   */
+  private extractSchema(hash: string): string {
+    const node = this.casStore.get(hash);
+    if (node === null) {
+      throw new CasNodeNotFoundError(hash);
+    }
+    return node.type;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Load tags for a variable
+   */
+  private loadTags(name: string, schema: Hash): Record<string, string> {
+    const stmt = this.db.prepare(`
+      SELECT key, value
+      FROM variable_tags
+      WHERE variable_name = ? AND variable_schema = ?
+    `);
+
+    const rows = stmt.all(name, schema) as Array<{
+      key: string;
+      value: string;
+    }>;
+    const tags: Record<string, string> = {};
+    for (const row of rows) {
+      tags[row.key] = row.value;
+    }
+    return tags;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Load labels for a variable
+   */
+  private loadLabels(name: string, schema: Hash): string[] {
+    const stmt = this.db.prepare(`
+      SELECT name
+      FROM variable_labels
+      WHERE variable_name = ? AND variable_schema = ?
+      ORDER BY name ASC
+    `);
+
+    const rows = stmt.all(name, schema) as Array<{ name: string }>;
+    return rows.map((row) => row.name);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set a variable (upsert: create or update)
+   */
+  set(
+    name: string,
+    value: string,
+    options?: {
+      tags?: Record<string, string>;
+      labels?: string[];
+    },
+  ): Variable {
+    // Validate name format
+    this.validateName(name);
+
+    const schema = this.extractSchema(value);
+
+    // Check if variable exists
+    const existing = this.get(name, schema);
+
+    if (existing !== null) {
+      // Update existing variable
+      const now = Date.now();
+
+      // If options provided, use them; otherwise preserve existing
+      const tags = options?.tags ?? existing.tags;
+      const labels = options?.labels ?? existing.labels;
+
+      // Check for tag/label conflicts when updating with new options
+      if (options !== undefined) {
+        const tagKeys = Object.keys(tags);
+        for (const key of tagKeys) {
+          if (labels.includes(key)) {
+            throw new TagLabelConflictError(key, "label", "tag");
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      this.db.exec("BEGIN TRANSACTION");
+
+      try {
+        // Update value and timestamp
+        const updateStmt = this.db.prepare(`
+          UPDATE variables
+          SET value = ?, updated = ?
+          WHERE name = ? AND schema = ?
+        `);
+        updateStmt.run(value, now, name, schema);
+
+        // If options provided, update tags/labels
+        if (options !== undefined) {
+          // Delete existing tags and labels
+          this.db
+            .prepare(`
+            DELETE FROM variable_tags WHERE variable_name = ? AND variable_schema = ?
+          `)
+            .run(name, schema);
+
+          this.db
+            .prepare(`
+            DELETE FROM variable_labels WHERE variable_name = ? AND variable_schema = ?
+          `)
+            .run(name, schema);
+
+          // Insert new tags
+          const tagKeys = Object.keys(tags);
+          if (tagKeys.length > 0) {
+            const tagStmt = this.db.prepare(`
+              INSERT INTO variable_tags (variable_name, variable_schema, key, value)
+              VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
+            `);
+            for (const [key, val] of Object.entries(tags)) {
+              tagStmt.run(name, schema, key, val);
+            }
+          }
+
+          // Insert new labels
+          if (labels.length > 0) {
+            const labelStmt = this.db.prepare(`
+              INSERT INTO variable_labels (variable_name, variable_schema, name)
+              VALUES (?, ?, ?)
+            `);
+            for (const labelName of labels) {
+              labelStmt.run(name, schema, labelName);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        this.db.exec("COMMIT");
+      } catch (e) {
+        this.db.exec("ROLLBACK");
+        throw e;
+      }
+
+      return {
+        name,
+        schema,
+        value,
+        created: existing.created,
+        updated: now,
+        tags,
+        labels: [...labels],
+      };
+    }
+
+    // Create new variable
+    const tags = options?.tags ?? {};
+    const labels = options?.labels ?? [];
+
+    // Check for tag/label conflicts
+    const tagKeys = Object.keys(tags);
+    for (const key of tagKeys) {
+      if (labels.includes(key)) {
+        throw new TagLabelConflictError(key, "label", "tag");
+      }
+    }
+
+    const now = Date.now();
+
+    this.db.exec("BEGIN TRANSACTION");
+
+    try {
+      const stmt = this.db.prepare(`
+        INSERT INTO variables (name, schema, value, created, updated)
+        VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+      `);
+
+      stmt.run(name, schema, value, now, now);
+
+      // Insert tags
+      if (tagKeys.length > 0) {
+        const tagStmt = this.db.prepare(`
+          INSERT INTO variable_tags (variable_name, variable_schema, key, value)
+          VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
+        `);
+        for (const [key, val] of Object.entries(tags)) {
+          tagStmt.run(name, schema, key, val);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Insert labels
+      if (labels.length > 0) {
+        const labelStmt = this.db.prepare(`
+          INSERT INTO variable_labels (variable_name, variable_schema, name)
+          VALUES (?, ?, ?)
+        `);
+        for (const labelName of labels) {
+          labelStmt.run(name, schema, labelName);
+        }
+      }
+
+      this.db.exec("COMMIT");
+    } catch (e) {
+      this.db.exec("ROLLBACK");
+      throw e;
+    }
+
+    return {
+      name,
+      schema,
+      value,
+      created: now,
+      updated: now,
+      tags,
+      labels: [...labels],
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get a variable by name, optionally with schema
+   */
+  /**
+   * Get a variable by name and schema
+   * @param name - Variable name
+   * @param schema - Schema hash (required)
+   * @returns Variable if found, null otherwise
+   */
+  get(name: string, schema: Hash): Variable | null {
+    // Precise match with schema
+    const stmt = this.db.prepare(`
+      SELECT name, schema, value, created, updated
+      FROM variables
+      WHERE name = ? AND schema = ?
+    `);
+
+    const row = stmt.get(name, schema) as
+      | {
+          name: string;
+          schema: string;
+          value: string;
+          created: number;
+          updated: number;
+        }
+      | undefined
+      | null;
+
+    if (row === undefined || row === null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    const tags = this.loadTags(row.name, row.schema);
+    const labels = this.loadLabels(row.name, row.schema);
+
+    return {
+      name: row.name,
+      schema: row.schema,
+      value: row.value,
+      created: row.created,
+      updated: row.updated,
+      tags,
+      labels,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update a variable's value (with schema validation)
+   */
+  update(name: string, schema: Hash, value: string): Variable {
+    // Validate name format
+    this.validateName(name);
+
+    const existing = this.get(name, schema);
+    if (existing === null) {
+      throw new VariableNotFoundError(name, schema);
+    }
+
+    const newSchema = this.extractSchema(value);
+    if (newSchema !== existing.schema) {
+      throw new SchemaMismatchError(existing.schema, newSchema);
+    }
+
+    const now = Date.now();
+
+    const stmt = this.db.prepare(`
+      UPDATE variables
+      SET value = ?, updated = ?
+      WHERE name = ? AND schema = ?
+    `);
+
+    stmt.run(value, now, name, schema);
+
+    return {
+      ...existing,
+      value,
+      updated: now,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove a variable (or all variants if schema omitted)
+   */
+  remove(name: string): Variable[];
+  remove(name: string, schema: Hash): Variable;
+  remove(name: string, schema?: Hash): Variable | Variable[] {
+    if (schema !== undefined) {
+      // Remove specific (name, schema) variant
+      const existing = this.get(name, schema);
+      if (existing === null) {
+        throw new VariableNotFoundError(name, schema);
+      }
+
+      const stmt = this.db.prepare(`
+        DELETE FROM variables WHERE name = ? AND schema = ?
+      `);
+
+      stmt.run(name, schema);
+
+      return existing;
+    }
+
+    // Remove all schema variants for this name
+    const variants = this.list({ exactName: name });
+
+    if (variants.length === 0) {
+      return [];
+    }
+
+    const stmt = this.db.prepare(`
+      DELETE FROM variables WHERE name = ?
+    `);
+
+    stmt.run(name);
+
+    return variants;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * List variables with optional filters
+   */
+  list(options?: {
+    namePrefix?: string;
+    exactName?: string;
+    schema?: Hash;
+    tags?: Record<string, string>;
+    labels?: string[];
+  }): Variable[] {
+    // Validate mutually exclusive options
+    if (options?.namePrefix !== undefined && options?.exactName !== undefined) {
+      throw new Error(
+        "namePrefix and exactName are mutually exclusive - cannot specify both",
+      );
+    }
+
+    const namePrefix = options?.namePrefix ?? "";
+    const exactName = options?.exactName;
+    const schema = options?.schema;
+    const filterTags = options?.tags ?? {};
+    const filterLabels = options?.labels ?? [];
+
+    // Build query with filters
+    let query = `
+      SELECT DISTINCT v.name, v.schema, v.value, v.created, v.updated
+      FROM variables v
+    `;
+
+    const params: (string | number)[] = [];
+
+    // Tag filters (AND logic)
+    const tagKeys = Object.keys(filterTags);
+    for (let i = 0; i < tagKeys.length; i++) {
+      const key = tagKeys[i] as string;
+      const value = filterTags[key] as string;
+      query += `
+        INNER JOIN variable_tags t${i} ON v.name = t${i}.variable_name
+          AND v.schema = t${i}.variable_schema
+          AND t${i}.key = ? AND t${i}.value = ?
+      `;
+      params.push(key, value);
+    }
+
+    // Label filters (AND logic)
+    for (let i = 0; i < filterLabels.length; i++) {
+      const label = filterLabels[i] as string;
+      query += `
+        INNER JOIN variable_labels l${i} ON v.name = l${i}.variable_name
+          AND v.schema = l${i}.variable_schema
+          AND l${i}.name = ?
+      `;
+      params.push(label);
+    }
+
+    // WHERE clause for name filters and schema
+    const whereClauses: string[] = [];
+
+    if (exactName !== undefined) {
+      whereClauses.push("v.name = ?");
+      params.push(exactName);
+    } else if (namePrefix !== "") {
+      whereClauses.push("v.name LIKE ? || '%'");
+      params.push(namePrefix);
+    }
+
+    if (schema !== undefined) {
+      whereClauses.push("v.schema = ?");
+      params.push(schema);
+    }
+
+    if (whereClauses.length > 0) {
+      query += ` WHERE ${whereClauses.join(" AND ")}`;
+    }
+
+    query += " ORDER BY v.created ASC";
+
+    const stmt = this.db.prepare(query);
+    const rows = stmt.all(...params) as Array<{
+      name: string;
+      schema: string;
+      value: string;
+      created: number;
+      updated: number;
+    }>;
+
+    return rows.map((row) => ({
+      name: row.name,
+      schema: row.schema,
+      value: row.value,
+      created: row.created,
+      updated: row.updated,
+      tags: this.loadTags(row.name, row.schema),
+      labels: this.loadLabels(row.name, row.schema),
+    }));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add/update/delete tags and labels
+   */
+  tag(
+    name: string,
+    schema: Hash,
+    operations: {
+      add?: Record<string, string>; // tags to add/update
+      addLabels?: string[]; // labels to add
+      delete?: string[]; // tag keys or label names to delete
+    },
+  ): Variable {
+    // Validate name format
+    this.validateName(name);
+
+    const existing = this.get(name, schema);
+    if (existing === null) {
+      throw new VariableNotFoundError(name, schema);
+    }
+
+    const addTags = operations.add ?? {};
+    const addLabels = operations.addLabels ?? [];
+    const deleteNames = operations.delete ?? [];
+
+    // Check for conflicts between tags and labels
+    const newTagKeys = Object.keys(addTags);
+    for (const key of newTagKeys) {
+      // Check if this key is being added as a label in the same operation
+      if (addLabels.includes(key)) {
+        throw new TagLabelConflictError(key, "label", "tag");
+      }
+      // Check if this key already exists as a label (and not being deleted)
+      if (existing.labels.includes(key) && !deleteNames.includes(key)) {
+        throw new TagLabelConflictError(key, "label", "tag");
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (const labelName of addLabels) {
+      // Check if this name is being added as a tag in the same operation
+      if (newTagKeys.includes(labelName)) {
+        throw new TagLabelConflictError(labelName, "tag", "label");
+      }
+      // Check if this name already exists as a tag key (and not being deleted)
+      if (
+        existing.tags[labelName] !== undefined &&
+        !deleteNames.includes(labelName)
+      ) {
+        throw new TagLabelConflictError(labelName, "tag", "label");
+      }
+    }
+
+    const now = Date.now();
+
+    this.db.exec("BEGIN TRANSACTION");
+
+    try {
+      // Update timestamp
+      const updateStmt = this.db.prepare(`
+        UPDATE variables SET updated = ? WHERE name = ? AND schema = ?
+      `);
+      updateStmt.run(now, name, schema);
+
+      // Delete tags and labels
+      if (deleteNames.length > 0) {
+        const deleteTagStmt = this.db.prepare(`
+          DELETE FROM variable_tags WHERE variable_name = ? AND variable_schema = ? AND key = ?
+        `);
+        const deleteLabelStmt = this.db.prepare(`
+          DELETE FROM variable_labels WHERE variable_name = ? AND variable_schema = ? AND name = ?
+        `);
+        for (const deleteName of deleteNames) {
+          deleteTagStmt.run(name, schema, deleteName);
+          deleteLabelStmt.run(name, schema, deleteName);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Add or update tags
+      if (newTagKeys.length > 0) {
+        const tagStmt = this.db.prepare(`
+          INSERT OR REPLACE INTO variable_tags (variable_name, variable_schema, key, value)
+          VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
+        `);
+        for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(addTags)) {
+          tagStmt.run(name, schema, key, value);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Add labels (with conflict handling)
+      if (addLabels.length > 0) {
+        const labelStmt = this.db.prepare(`
+          INSERT OR IGNORE INTO variable_labels (variable_name, variable_schema, name)
+          VALUES (?, ?, ?)
+        `);
+        for (const labelName of addLabels) {
+          labelStmt.run(name, schema, labelName);
+        }
+      }
+
+      this.db.exec("COMMIT");
+    } catch (e) {
+      this.db.exec("ROLLBACK");
+      throw e;
+    }
+
+    // Return updated variable
+    const updated = this.get(name, schema);
+    if (updated === null) {
+      throw new VariableNotFoundError(name, schema);
+    }
+    return updated;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Close the database connection
+   */
+  close(): void {
+    this.db.close();
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a variable store
+ */
+export function createVariableStore(
+  dbPath: string,
+  casStore: Store,
+): VariableStore {
+  return new VariableStore(dbPath, casStore);
+}

packages/json-cas/src/variable.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
+import type { Variable } from "./variable.js";
+
+describe("Variable Type", () => {
+  test("Variable type uses (name, schema) composite key", () => {
+    const variable: Variable = {
+      name: "config",
+      schema: "ABC123DEF4567",
+      value: "XYZ789GHI0123",
+      created: 1234567890000,
+      updated: 1234567890000,
+      tags: { env: "prod" },
+      labels: ["critical"],
+    };
+
+    expect(variable.name).toBe("config");
+    expect(variable.schema).toBe("ABC123DEF4567");
+    // id and scope should not exist
+    expect((variable as unknown as { id?: unknown }).id).toBeUndefined();
+    expect((variable as unknown as { scope?: unknown }).scope).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+});

packages/json-cas/src/variable.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import type { Hash } from "./types.js";
+
+/**
+ * Variable: mutable binding to an immutable CAS node
+ * Identified by composite key (name, schema)
+ */
+export type Variable = {
+  name: string; // variable name (unique per schema)
+  schema: Hash; // schema hash (part of composite key)
+  value: Hash; // CAS node hash
+  created: number; // epoch ms
+  updated: number; // epoch ms
+  tags: Record<string, string>; // key-value pairs
+  labels: string[]; // bare identifiers
+};

packages/json-cas/tests/schema-validation.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,734 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
+import { bootstrap } from "../src/bootstrap.js";
+import { MemStore } from "../src/mem-store.js";
+import type { JSONSchema } from "../src/schema.js";
+import {
+  getSchema,
+  putSchema,
+  refs,
+  SchemaValidationError,
+  validate,
+  walk,
+} from "../src/schema.js";
+import type { CasNode } from "../src/types.js";
+
+describe("Test Suite 1: Meta-Schema Structure and Self-Validation", () => {
+  test("1.1: Meta-schema is a valid JSON Schema", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+    const metaHash = builtinSchemas["@schema"] ?? "";
+    const metaNode = store.get(metaHash);
+
+    expect(metaNode).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(typeof metaNode?.payload).toBe("object");
+    expect(metaNode?.payload).toHaveProperty("type");
+  });
+
+  test("1.2: Meta-schema self-validates", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+    const metaHash = builtinSchemas["@schema"] ?? "";
+    const metaNode = store.get(metaHash);
+
+    expect(metaNode).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(validate(store, metaNode as CasNode)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test("1.3: Meta-schema defines all supported keywords", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+    const metaHash = builtinSchemas["@schema"] ?? "";
+    const metaSchema = getSchema(store, metaHash);
+
+    expect(metaSchema).not.toBeNull();
+    const properties =
+      (metaSchema?.properties as Record<string, unknown>) || {};
+
+    // Check that all supported keywords are defined
+    expect(properties).toHaveProperty("type");
+    expect(properties).toHaveProperty("properties");
+    expect(properties).toHaveProperty("required");
+    expect(properties).toHaveProperty("additionalProperties");
+    expect(properties).toHaveProperty("anyOf");
+    expect(properties).toHaveProperty("items");
+    expect(properties).toHaveProperty("format");
+    expect(properties).toHaveProperty("title");
+    expect(properties).toHaveProperty("enum");
+    expect(properties).toHaveProperty("const");
+    expect(properties).toHaveProperty("description");
+  });
+
+  test("1.4: Meta-schema does not include unsupported keywords", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+    const metaHash = builtinSchemas["@schema"] ?? "";
+    const metaSchema = getSchema(store, metaHash);
+
+    expect(metaSchema).not.toBeNull();
+    const properties =
+      (metaSchema?.properties as Record<string, unknown>) || {};
+
+    // Unsupported keywords should not be in properties
+    expect(properties).not.toHaveProperty("$ref");
+    expect(properties).not.toHaveProperty("$id");
+    expect(properties).not.toHaveProperty("$defs");
+    expect(properties).not.toHaveProperty("allOf");
+    expect(properties).not.toHaveProperty("not");
+  });
+
+  test("1.5: Meta-schema node type equals its own hash", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+    const metaHash = builtinSchemas["@schema"] ?? "";
+    const metaNode = store.get(metaHash);
+
+    expect(metaNode).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(metaNode?.type).toBe(metaHash);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("Test Suite 2: putSchema Validation - Valid Schemas", () => {
+  test("2.1: Accept minimal valid schema (empty object)", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const hash = await putSchema(store, {});
+    expect(hash).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  test("2.2: Accept schema with type constraint", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const hash = await putSchema(store, { type: "string" });
+    expect(hash).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  test("2.3: Accept schema with properties", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const hash = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: { name: { type: "string" } },
+    });
+    expect(hash).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  test("2.4: Accept schema with required fields", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const hash = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      required: ["id"],
+      properties: { id: { type: "string" } },
+    });
+    expect(hash).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  test("2.5: Accept schema with additionalProperties = false", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const hash = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      additionalProperties: false,
+    });
+    expect(hash).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  test("2.6: Accept schema with additionalProperties = schema", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const hash = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      additionalProperties: { type: "string" },
+    });
+    expect(hash).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  test("2.7: Accept schema with anyOf", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const hash = await putSchema(store, {
+      anyOf: [{ type: "string" }, { type: "null" }],
+    });
+    expect(hash).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  test("2.7b: Accept schema with oneOf", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const hash = await putSchema(store, {
+      oneOf: [
+        { properties: { status: { const: "ready" } }, required: ["status"] },
+        { properties: { status: { const: "failed" } }, required: ["status"] },
+      ],
+    });
+    expect(hash).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  test("2.8: Accept schema with array items", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const hash = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "array",
+      items: { type: "number" },
+    });
+    expect(hash).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  test("2.9: Accept schema with format constraint", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const hash = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "string",
+      format: "cas_ref",
+    });
+    expect(hash).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  test("2.10: Accept schema with enum", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const hash = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "string",
+      enum: ["red", "green", "blue"],
+    });
+    expect(hash).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  test("2.11: Accept schema with const", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const hash = await putSchema(store, { const: "FIXED_VALUE" });
+    expect(hash).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  test("2.12: Accept schema with title and description", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const hash = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "string",
+      title: "User Name",
+      description: "The user's full name",
+    });
+    expect(hash).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  test("2.13: Accept complex nested schema", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    const hash = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      required: ["type", "payload"],
+      properties: {
+        type: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
+        payload: {
+          anyOf: [{ type: "object" }, { type: "null" }],
+        },
+        refs: {
+          type: "array",
+          items: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
+        },
+      },
+      additionalProperties: false,
+    });
+    expect(hash).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("Test Suite 3: putSchema Validation - Invalid Schemas", () => {
+  test("3.1: Reject schema with invalid type value", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    expect(async () => await putSchema(store, { type: "garbage" })).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  test("3.2: Reject schema with type as number", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    expect(
+      async () =>
+        await putSchema(store, { type: 123 } as unknown as JSONSchema),
+    ).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  test("3.3: Reject schema with properties not an object", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    expect(
+      async () =>
+        await putSchema(store, {
+          type: "object",
+          properties: "not-an-object",
+        } as unknown as JSONSchema),
+    ).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  test("3.4: Reject schema with required not an array", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    expect(
+      async () =>
+        await putSchema(store, {
+          type: "object",
+          required: "name",
+        } as unknown as JSONSchema),
+    ).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  test("3.5: Reject schema with required containing non-strings", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    expect(
+      async () =>
+        await putSchema(store, {
+          type: "object",
+          required: ["name", 123, true],
+        } as unknown as JSONSchema),
+    ).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  test("3.6: Reject schema with additionalProperties as string", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    expect(
+      async () =>
+        await putSchema(store, {
+          type: "object",
+          additionalProperties: "yes",
+        } as unknown as JSONSchema),
+    ).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  test("3.7: Reject schema with anyOf not an array", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    expect(
+      async () =>
+        await putSchema(store, {
+          anyOf: { type: "string" },
+        } as unknown as JSONSchema),
+    ).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  test("3.8: Reject schema with empty anyOf array", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    expect(async () => await putSchema(store, { anyOf: [] })).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  test("3.9: Reject schema with items not an object", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    expect(
+      async () =>
+        await putSchema(store, {
+          type: "array",
+          items: "string",
+        } as unknown as JSONSchema),
+    ).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  test("3.10: Reject schema with format not a string", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    expect(
+      async () =>
+        await putSchema(store, {
+          type: "string",
+          format: 123,
+        } as unknown as JSONSchema),
+    ).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  test("3.11: Reject schema with enum not an array", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    expect(
+      async () =>
+        await putSchema(store, {
+          type: "string",
+          enum: "red",
+        } as unknown as JSONSchema),
+    ).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  test("3.12: Reject schema with empty enum array", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    expect(
+      async () => await putSchema(store, { type: "string", enum: [] }),
+    ).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  test("3.13: Reject schema with title not a string", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    expect(
+      async () =>
+        await putSchema(store, {
+          type: "string",
+          title: 123,
+        } as unknown as JSONSchema),
+    ).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  test("3.14: Reject schema with description not a string", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    expect(
+      async () =>
+        await putSchema(store, {
+          type: "string",
+          description: ["not a string"],
+        } as unknown as JSONSchema),
+    ).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  test("3.15: Reject schema with unsupported $ref keyword", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    expect(
+      async () =>
+        await putSchema(store, {
+          $ref: "#/definitions/user",
+        } as unknown as JSONSchema),
+    ).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  test("3.16: Reject completely invalid data (non-object)", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    expect(
+      async () =>
+        await putSchema(store, "not-a-schema" as unknown as JSONSchema),
+    ).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  test("3.17: Reject nested invalid schema in properties", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    expect(
+      async () =>
+        await putSchema(store, {
+          type: "object",
+          properties: {
+            name: { type: "invalid-type" },
+          },
+        } as unknown as JSONSchema),
+    ).toThrow();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("Test Suite 4: Error Messages and Debugging", () => {
+  test("4.1: Error includes schema validation details", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    try {
+      await putSchema(store, { type: 123 } as unknown as JSONSchema);
+      expect(true).toBe(false); // Should not reach here
+    } catch (error) {
+      expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(SchemaValidationError);
+      expect((error as Error).message).toContain("Invalid schema");
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("4.2: Error distinguishes schema validation from data validation", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+    try {
+      await putSchema(store, { type: "invalid-type" } as unknown as JSONSchema);
+      expect(true).toBe(false); // Should not reach here
+    } catch (error) {
+      expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(SchemaValidationError);
+      expect((error as Error).message.toLowerCase()).toContain("schema");
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+describe("Test Suite 5: Backward Compatibility and Migration", () => {
+  test("5.1: Bootstrap hash changes (breaking change)", async () => {
+    // This is a documentation test - the old hash was different
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+    const newMetaHash = builtinSchemas["@schema"] ?? "";
+
+    // The new hash should be different from the old system metadata hash
+    // We just verify it's a valid hash format
+    expect(newMetaHash).toMatch(/^[0-9A-HJKMNP-TV-Z]{13}$/);
+  });
+
+  test("5.2: Existing tests compatibility", async () => {
+    // This test ensures our changes don't break existing valid schema usage
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    // This is the kind of schema that existed before
+    const schemaHash = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        name: { type: "string" },
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(schemaHash).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  test("5.3: Data nodes with valid schemas still validate", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const schemaHash = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      required: ["name"],
+      properties: {
+        name: { type: "string" },
+      },
+    });
+
+    const dataNode = store.get(await store.put(schemaHash, { name: "test" }));
+
+    expect(dataNode).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(validate(store, dataNode as CasNode)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test("5.4: Invalid data still fails validation", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const schemaHash = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      required: ["name"],
+      properties: {
+        name: { type: "string" },
+      },
+    });
+
+    const dataNode = store.get(
+      await store.put(schemaHash, { name: 123 }), // wrong type
+    );
+
+    expect(dataNode).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(validate(store, dataNode as CasNode)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("Test Suite 6: Integration with Existing Functionality", () => {
+  test("6.1: getSchema works with validated schemas", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const originalSchema = { type: "string", title: "Test" };
+    const schemaHash = await putSchema(store, originalSchema);
+    const retrieved = getSchema(store, schemaHash);
+
+    expect(retrieved).toEqual(originalSchema);
+  });
+
+  test("6.2: validate() works with schemas validated by meta-schema", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const schemaHash = await putSchema(store, { type: "number" });
+    const validNode = store.get(await store.put(schemaHash, 42));
+    const invalidNode = store.get(await store.put(schemaHash, "not a number"));
+
+    expect(validate(store, validNode as CasNode)).toBe(true);
+    expect(validate(store, invalidNode as CasNode)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  test("6.3: refs() works with validated schemas containing cas_ref", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const schemaHash = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        ref: { type: "string", format: "cas_ref" },
+      },
+    });
+
+    const refHash = "0000000000001";
+    const dataNode = store.get(await store.put(schemaHash, { ref: refHash }));
+
+    const extractedRefs = refs(store, dataNode as CasNode);
+    expect(extractedRefs).toContain(refHash);
+  });
+
+  test("6.4: walk() works with graphs using validated schemas", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const schemaHash = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        next: {
+          anyOf: [{ type: "string", format: "cas_ref" }, { type: "null" }],
+        },
+      },
+    });
+
+    const node2Hash = await store.put(schemaHash, { next: null });
+    const node1Hash = await store.put(schemaHash, { next: node2Hash });
+
+    const visited: string[] = [];
+    walk(store, node1Hash, (hash) => visited.push(hash));
+
+    expect(visited).toContain(node1Hash);
+    expect(visited).toContain(node2Hash);
+  });
+
+  test("6.5: Idempotency preserved for putSchema", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const schema = { type: "string", title: "Test" };
+    const hash1 = await putSchema(store, schema);
+    const hash2 = await putSchema(store, schema);
+
+    expect(hash1).toBe(hash2);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("Test Suite 7: Meta-Schema Content Validation", () => {
+  test("7.1: Meta-schema allows recursive schema definitions", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    const builtinSchemas = await bootstrap(store);
+    const metaHash = builtinSchemas["@schema"] ?? "";
+    const metaSchema = getSchema(store, metaHash);
+
+    expect(metaSchema).not.toBeNull();
+    // The meta-schema should have properties that can contain schemas
+    const properties =
+      (metaSchema?.properties as Record<string, unknown>) || {};
+    expect(properties).toHaveProperty("properties");
+  });
+
+  test("7.2: Meta-schema restricts additionalProperties", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    // Schema with unknown keyword should be rejected if meta-schema is strict
+    try {
+      await putSchema(store, {
+        type: "string",
+        unknownKeyword: "value",
+      } as unknown as JSONSchema);
+      // If we get here, meta-schema allows additional properties
+      // This is acceptable behavior
+    } catch (error) {
+      // If it throws, meta-schema is strict about additionalProperties
+      expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(SchemaValidationError);
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("7.3: Meta-schema validates type as string OR array", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    // Single string type
+    const hash1 = await putSchema(store, { type: "string" });
+    expect(hash1).toBeTruthy();
+
+    // Array of types
+    const hash2 = await putSchema(store, {
+      type: ["string", "null"],
+    } as unknown as JSONSchema);
+    expect(hash2).toBeTruthy();
+
+    // Invalid type (number)
+    expect(
+      async () =>
+        await putSchema(store, { type: 123 } as unknown as JSONSchema),
+    ).toThrow();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("Test Suite 8: Performance and Edge Cases", () => {
+  test("8.1: Validation performance is acceptable", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const complexSchema = {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        level1: {
+          type: "object",
+          properties: {
+            level2: {
+              type: "object",
+              properties: {
+                level3: { type: "string" },
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    };
+
+    const start = performance.now();
+    for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+      await putSchema(store, complexSchema);
+    }
+    const duration = performance.now() - start;
+
+    // Should complete in reasonable time (< 100ms for 100 validations)
+    expect(duration).toBeLessThan(1000);
+  });
+
+  test("8.2: Large schemas are handled correctly", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    const largeSchema: Record<string, unknown> = {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {},
+    };
+
+    // Create a schema with 100 properties
+    const props = largeSchema.properties as Record<string, unknown>;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+      props[`prop${i}`] = { type: "string" };
+    }
+
+    const hash = await putSchema(store, largeSchema);
+    expect(hash).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  test("8.3: Deeply nested schemas validate correctly", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    // Build a 5-level deep schema
+    let schema: Record<string, unknown> = { type: "string" };
+    for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+      schema = {
+        type: "object",
+        properties: { nested: schema },
+      };
+    }
+
+    const hash = await putSchema(store, schema);
+    expect(hash).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  test("8.4: Circular-like schemas don't cause infinite loops", async () => {
+    const store = new MemStore();
+    await bootstrap(store);
+
+    // Schema where additionalProperties has same structure as parent
+    const schema = {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        value: { type: "string" },
+      },
+      additionalProperties: {
+        type: "object",
+        properties: {
+          value: { type: "string" },
+        },
+      },
+    };
+
+    const hash = await putSchema(store, schema);
+    expect(hash).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+});

packages/json-cas/tsconfig.json

@@ -4,5 +4,6 @@
     "rootDir": "src",
     "outDir": "dist"
   },
-  "include": ["src"]
+  "include": ["src"],
+  "exclude": ["src/**/*.test.ts"]
 }

tsconfig.json

@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@
     "noImplicitOverride": true,
     "verbatimModuleSyntax": true,
     "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "paths": {
+      "@uncaged/json-cas": ["./packages/json-cas/src/index.ts"],
+      "@uncaged/json-cas-fs": ["./packages/json-cas-fs/src/index.ts"]
+    },
     "composite": true,
     "declaration": true,
     "declarationMap": true,